tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69644172667000365212024-03-18T23:50:42.688-04:00Discovering Clara Barton: No Ordinary CourageInteresting discoveries while researching the life of Clara BartonAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-74484004501319717552014-07-22T11:05:00.001-04:002014-08-04T17:14:33.618-04:00Dead Letters OfficeRobert Reyes from the President Street Station Museum in Baltimore recently sent me this enlightening article:<br />
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<span class="fix-heading-12"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">HARPER'S WEEKLY - NOVEMBER 1,</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">1862</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16pt;">SOLDIERS' DEAD-LETTERS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">oourtesy of<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">"WHY not write Dead Soldiers' Letters at
once?" says a voice at my elbow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Only out of respect to the old logical rule
requiring the perfect definition of a class to embrace all the individuals
composing it. It is a sad truth that too many of these missives that have been
wandering about in the mail-bags are the letters, and the last letters—the last
written expression of thought or wish—of men who have dared to die for their
country. Many of these rough-looking, soiled, and torn envelopes now lying in
the Dead-letter Office, after a fruitless journey in search of friends to read
their contents, are filled with strange tales of blood and battle, or breathe
sentiments that should stir the very soul of patriotism, and fire the heart and
nerve the arm of every man who perils his life in the cause of his country's
honor. Outside, it is a shapeless and uninviting mass of worn and crumpled
envelopes, soiled with the dust and smoke of every camp and battle-field on the
continent; within, are the thoughts, wishes, last words, and dying prayers of
those who have offered their own lives to save the life of the nation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Up to the last of August soldiers' letters,
written from camps or head-quarters, and containing no valuable inclosure
[sic], when returned from the local post-offices to the Dead-letter Office
because they were "not called for," have been destroyed, because they
could not, like ordinary letters, be returned to the writers. Armies are always
upon the move, and the ten or twelve weeks that must expire between the date of
a soldier's letter in camp and its return to Washington as a
"dead-letter" render any attempt to place it again in the hands of
the writer as impossible as it is useless. The Department having once sent the
letter to its place of destination, and advertised it there, has no legal
authority to incur further trouble or expense in the matter. Hence the practice
that obtained in the opening-room of the Dead-letter Office, of throwing into
the waste-basket all "dead-letters" containing no valuable inclosure,
which had been written by soldiers from camps or head-quarters. As the war
progressed and great battles were fought, consecrating in history such names
as Pea Ridge, <a href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/battle-fort-donelson.htm"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fort Donelson</span></a>, Shiloh, Fair
Oaks, and Malvern Hill, and marking the boundaries of each field of bloody
strife with the tumuli of buried heroes, it came to be noticed that many of the
soldiers' letters, written upon the eve or at the close of these fierce
struggles for a nation's life, contained matter of the gravest interest to the
friends and relatives at home. Some of these lost missives, containing the
words of father, brother, son, or husband, who had gone down in the storm of
battle, or survived to tell the fate of other martyrs in the holy cause, and
which had failed in the first effort to place them in the hands of the persons
addressed, were rightly conceived to be of as much importance to the soldiers'
friends as the letter inclosing a part of his pay to the wife and little ones
at home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The subject having attracted the attention of
Mr. Zevely, the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, who has charge of the
Dead-letter Office, and whose hand is as open as his heart is warm in the cause
of aiding the soldier in the field and his family at home, he at once
determined to have this class of dead-letters examined by a competent clerk,
and all that were likely to be of interest or importance again forwarded to the
post-offices originally addressed. As the law authorized no additional expense
for such an enterprise, one of the clerks volunteered to perform the work out
of office-hours; and so a second effort is being made to get these soldiers'
letters into the hands of their friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> An interview with the clerk who spends his
evenings and mornings in this work brought me to a knowledge of the enterprise,
and I write this sketch with the purpose of bringing the matter to public
notice, and thus to aid in getting these lost letters into the hands of those
for whom they were intended. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">I learn from the gentleman who has charge of
the work that four or five hundred letters a day of this class come into the
Dead-letter Office. As they are opened, all soldiers' letters containing no
valuable inclosure are placed in his hands, and after office-hours he proceeds
to examine them, and select such as can be again sent to the local post-offices
with some prospect of reaching the parties addressed. Each letter thus re-sent
is entered upon a blank form addressed to the postmaster, and charging him to
use "all diligence to secure its delivery." This form contains not
only the name of the person addressed on the envelope, but the name of the
writer and of the place where the letter was dated. This schedule, or catalogue
of letters, is to be conspicuously posted for one month, and any letters upon
it that are not delivered in that time are to be returned to the Dead-letter
Office </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">at Washington, to be destroyed. The whole
thing is a work of grace on the part of the Postmaster-General, there being no
charge made for the second transportation of the letters or their delivery at
the local post-offices. This being the case, it is proper to add, for the
benefit of the Department, and to save people from unnecessary trouble, that it
is quite useless to address inquiries to anyone in the General Post-office
respecting letters of this description. No record is kept of them, and those
not re-sent are immediately destroyed. Anyone looking for such a letter, known
to have been advertised at a local post-office and returned as "dead"
to Washington, should watch the posted catalogue of "Soldiers'
Letters," which, for the smaller offices, is forwarded at the close of
each month, and once a week or fortnight to the large city offices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> With a proper care not to violate the
confidence and privacy peculiarly strict in this office, I have been allowed to
notice the character of some of these letters. Here is one written by T. F. H.,
Lieutenant-Colonel Fifth Ohio Cavalry, and very fully and carefully directed,
yet it has failed to reach its destination; and lest a second effort should
prove as fruitless as the first, I am permitted to make an extract, in the hope
that it may reach the eyes of the bereaved parents. The letter is written from Zanesville,
Ohio, under date of May 27th, and addressed to Mr. and Mrs. Elliott,
Baleyville, near Minneapolis, Minnesota, and reads thus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">FRIENDS,—On the evening of Monday, April 7,
1862, about five o'clock, after my regiment had been halted in its pursuit of
the fleeing hordes of rebels, I rode slowly around the field, meditating on the
result of that bloody action [Shiloh], and observing the effect of the
"bolts of war" on the dead bodies which covered the ground. Various
were the attitudes and expressions of the fallen heroes; yet as I rode along
one smooth-faced lad, whose features were lit up by a smile, so attracted and
riveted my attention as to cause me to dismount and examine him. His uniform
was neat as an old soldier's, his buttons polished, his person clean, his hair
well combed, lying squarely on his back, his face toward the enemy, his wounds
in front, from which the last life-drops were slowly ebbing, his hands crossed
on his breast, and a peaceful, heavenly smile resting on his marble features. I
almost envied his fate as I thought,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">“How sleep the brave who sink to rest”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By all their country's wishes blest!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By fairy hands their knell is rung,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By forms unseen their dirge is sung;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Lo! Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">To bless the turf that wraps their clay,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">And Freedom shall a while repair<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">To dwell a weeping hermit there!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> I asked the by-standers who that lad was. No
one could tell. Hoping to find some mark on his clothing by which I could
distinguish him, I unbuttoned his roundabout, and in the breast pocket found a
Bible, on the fly-leaf of which was an inscription by his mother to "John
Elliott." In the same pocket was a letter from his mother, and one he had
written to his uncle, both dabbled with blood. Pleased with getting these data from
which to trace his family, I determined to preserve the Bible and letters and
send them to you. I have since regretted that I did not examine all his pockets
and save whatever may have been in them; but my time was short, and I felt that
the Bible he had so faithfully carried would be treasure enough for you, and in
the hurry of the moment I did not think to look for anything else. His remains
received decent sepulture that night, and he now sleeps in a soldier's grave.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> And now, my dear friends, I would have written
to you weeks ago, but was long sick in camp, was sent to Ohio low with fever,
and am but just able to begin to sit up. You have doubtless wept over your dead
boy. No human sympathy could assuage your grief. Yet He who guides and governs
the universe of man and matter, I doubt not, has thrown around you
"everlasting arms," and supported your faint, bereft, and bleeding
hearts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> After a while, when time shall have healed
the wounds that war has inflicted, it will be a heritage of glory for you to
reflect that your boy died in the cause of human rights and to save the life of
a great nation; and you can with righteous pride boast that he fell in the
thickest of the fight, with dead rebels all around him, his face to the foe,
and in the "very forefront of the battle."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">He died a young hero and martyr in the holy
cause of freedom, and Elijah riding up the heavens in a chariot of fire had not
a prouder entrance to the Celestial City than your boy. Let your hearts rejoice
that there is one more waiting to welcome you back to the "shining
shore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Here is a brief extract from the letter of a <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">surgeon</span> on the Peninsula to a friend at home:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Almost the first one I came to was our poor
little friend Dick, the bright-eyed but pale-faced drummer boy, who broke from
the warm embrace of his mother and rushed into the wild storm of war at the
first call to arms. He was still alive, and able to speak in a low voice. I
raised his head and gave him some water. He smiled his thanks, and said,
"Doctor, tell mother I wasn't afraid to die. Tell brother Jimmy he can
have my pony; and Sis can have all my books; and they mustn't cry about me, for
I think I have done right. And take the drum to them; and bury this little flag
with me—and that's all!" And that was all; and a moment afterward the
spirit of the young hero went up to heaven.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Here is a letter from a wife to her husband
in the Peninsular army. It arrived too late, and is on its way back to the
writer, with the simple indorsement on the envelope, by an officer of his
regiment: "Was killed yesterday in the battle of Malvern Hill."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> These are a few examples of what may be found
in the "Soldiers' Dead-letters;" and if local post-masters will
manifest the same disposition exhibited in the action of the Department at
Washington, thousands of these lost epistles will find their way to the
rightful owners, and serve to comfort and console many a bereaved and breaking
heart.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16070460510115334299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-77449876006738534102014-06-01T22:59:00.000-04:002014-06-01T22:59:35.992-04:00Victory Via Civilian Support<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Civil War
history is overflowing with grand and romantic stories about the big battles,
colorful generals, sneaky spies, and dramatic politicians pressing their agendas. One rarely hears about the quiet civilian
folks who traveled to the front to offer their services, stayed back from the
field at large depots, and supported the war effort from home. U. S. Grant and President Lincoln’s herculean
efforts cannot trump those of ordinary civilians. Many of them certainly were as interesting
as their military commanders and others, but Americans remember little of
anything of civilian contributions that supported the war effort. My research paper will reveal some of the
extraordinary accomplishments by civilians lost in the quagmire of Civil War
history.</div>
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Without
civilian support, neither army could have held the field for long, and critical
support for the Union army contributed to their victory as much if not more
than any other factor. In December 1860,
little more than 16,000 men filled the army ranks. The United States had a historically
persistent uneasiness to large standing armies.
Therefore, when Lincoln called up the initial 75,000 men to put down the
rebellion, the call disastrously overloaded the military system with men
reporting for duty in Washington. The
military provided no food, shelter or clothing for the troops. Only one hospital existed in the army, at
Fort Riley, Kansas with a scant 40 beds.
The army expected regiments to subsist on what they brought with
them. Overwhelming numbers caused make
shift camps in any and every open space, with little to no attention to
sanitation, resulting in medical epidemics robbing some regiments of 50 percent
of their strength. Time did not improve
conditions much on the military’s part. The
soldiers needed civilian support, and concerned civilians were eager to give
it.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Besides a
great deal of monetary support, civilians volunteered as hospital workers of
every type, spies, military guides, provided tons of material, humanitarians, military/soldier
advocates, moral supporters and event witnesses, most of them as
volunteers. They also supplemented the
military as laundresses, contract surgeons, teamsters, administrative clerks,
and manufacturers. Any army of that time
could not have campaigned without the huge support system organized and
provided by civilians even though many commanders loathed admitting it and
tried to deny needing or wanting any of it.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Of course,
their contributions were not always positive, such as journalists who gave away
information to the enemy and drummed critical information in their papers that
affected elections and caused some chaos in Washington. For this service, however, the federal
government arrested and imprisoned citizens without real cause, some dying from
horrible prison conditions, some held for the duration of the war, especially
after Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Women provided
the greatest amount of support, working largely through relief societies, as
camp “followers” or those local to the armies and campaigns. Anxious women with a variety of talents
longed to contribute to the war effort.
Most stayed at home, operated businesses in the absence of men, gave
labor and/or goods, or organized and administered the efforts. Army wives following the military in camp
could launder soldiers clothes, act as nurses (cooking and cleaning rather than
the modern conception of nursing), supplementing the family income, a slim and
irregular issue for enlisted soldiers and some junior officers. Several civilians acted from within the
relief societies as inspectors and soldier advocates, in attempts to ensure the
best living conditions possible for the masses of soldiers necessary to conduct
operations.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The most under-appreciated
must be locals caught up by the military on campaign. The small farming communities in mid-western
Maryland received as guests around 120,000 in number during the Maryland
Campaign of 1862. Hungry, thirsty
soldiers arrived needing food water and shelter, resisting futile since they
traveled with plenty of weapons for coercion.
The Pry family (and their relatives) are a good example of the civilian
battlefield experience. The Battle of
Antietam took place just before the harvest in September 1862. In the week that General McClellan used their
property as army headquarters, their losses were the equivalent to that caused
by a natural disaster. Their crops were
taken for forage, fencing used as firewood, livestock consumed by the army,
furniture ruined, property trampled, an entire warehouse of wood used to make
hospitals, the house and barn utilized for several months as hospitals, and
even Mrs. Pry’s personal effects taken by soldiers. Since the Union army remained around the area
for six weeks, all the locals worked as nurses, doctors, buried the dead,
burned dead animals, and survived dependent on army rations when
available. The Pry family never
recovered, sold their farm and properties, and moved to Tennessee for a fresh
start.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
If appreciation for white volunteerism is
undervalued, it is nothing compared to the plight of African-Americans,
volunteers or not. Many worked in
servitude, quite a few served to gain their freedom and assist in making it
permanent for others. Their class level
under women made exploitation of them a sure thing. Some were able to work on a limited basis as
laundresses and cooks for pay, and even as nurses, although jobs assignments
placed African-Americans in positions whites generally thought were beneath
them. When historians began compiling
the numbers, African-Americans made up approximately ten percent of the civilian workforce for both
men and women. Studying their role is quite difficult, however, due to the lack
of documentation and recognition.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
American
society allowed women to support the war effort in limited ways, including
appointing them as moral authorities.
Earlier in the nineteenth century, men assigned women the role of moral
educators and watchdogs. The assignment
led to women’s public activities promoting moral reform. Because of the critical need for support,
many women could work in areas forbidden to them in antebellum America. This work was a natural extension of reform
activism and would assist women’s call to reform in civic areas afterward.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Dr. Elizabeth
Blackwell and friends, through their Women’s Central Association of Relief organization, and the popularity of Florence Nightingale’s
humanitarian work in the Crimean War, organized what became the largest and
only government recognized relief agency, the U. S. Sanitary Commission (USSC). Women’s status in the country- a lack of
recognition as equals to men and therefore second-class citizens necessitated
the recruitment of prominent men as commissioners for the organization. Dr. Henry Bellows, a notable doctor from New
York, lobbied for and received the recognition from officials in
Washington. Men inside the organization
acted as administrators, field agents, and delivered much of the provisions to
the army, but a network of organized regional and local aid societies provided
most of what the military received. Approximately 7000 smaller aid societies
contributed to efforts with twelve major regional branches. Their efforts sent millions of dollars worth
of food, medicine and clothing to the front.
Women primarily administered and operated these agencies independent of
the Washington commissioners.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The USSC
absorbed the role of inspectors of military facilities, provided recommendations
for improvements, relief supplies for the troops, published booklets on
personal hygiene, health and welfare, and advocated for the soldier and medical
department in Washington. Their massive
donations of money and material to the government gave them great influence in
Congress, and they significantly improved the medical system; This power eventually
trickled down to the public after the war and continues to do so to this day. The Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, allowed
the USSC to name the new Surgeon General of the Army in 1862, who updated and
implemented many of the medical changes necessary to care for the thousands of
wounded created by new weapons technology.
The USSC recommended Dr. William A. Hammond, a young army doctor with progressive
ideas. Dr. Hammond and his staff designed and constructed large-scale hospitals
for recovery and rehabilitation never seen before in the U. S., complete with
baths and indoor toilet facilities.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Additionally,
the USSC organized massive fund-raising fairs across the North and
Northwest. The fairs not only acquired monetary
support for the war effort, but also emotional relief for anxious families and
furloughed soldiers through games, exhibits, restaurants and entertainment
offered at the event. Post war estimates
credit these events with producing over three million dollars for the military.
Lack of records or a scattering of them prevents the attempt of a compilation
of volunteer labor hours. Estimated contributions by the USSC alone were
approximately <i>five hundred million dollars</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Other large
organizations contributed even more support.
The Young Men’s Christian Association felt compelled to help, and
created the U. S. Christian Commission (USCC) as their wartime organization dedicated
to soldier spiritual and emotional needs.
The USCC provided volunteer chaplains and worked cooperatively with
military chaplains to supplement their work.
In this capacity, they accompanied the armies in the field and provided
much needed emergency assistance to the wounded after battles. Estimates for material relief from the USCC include
the distribution of almost one million bibles and tens of thousands of other
books and pamphlets. Additionally, they
provided coffee wagons and distributed soldier comfort supplies to the troops.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As the war
progressed, these organizations served not only soldiers, but acted as a link
between soldiers and their families. The
USSC, USCC, and smaller organizations provided writing materials and even mail service
for soldiers in camp and on campaign.
They also provided investigative services for families of missing
soldiers. The USCC reportedly wrote
92,000 letters for soldiers by the end of the war.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Due to the lack of resources within the
military, the USSC played a significant role in handling the dead. After the Battle of Gettysburg, they compiled
a list of over 8000 dead. They figured a
70 percent reply rate on inquiries. The
U. S. government would not establish a military agency to deal with burials
until July, 1864.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
With the only
formally trained nurses, the Catholic Church also significantly contributed to
the war effort. Surgeons at military
hospitals preferred Catholic nuns trained in nursing to civilian women. Often, authorities accused female volunteers
of husband hunting, inappropriate gossiping, delicacy, and incompetence. This led Army Nursing Superintendent Dorothea
Dix to require volunteers be over thirty, plain in looks, and
conservative. Surgeons preferred nuns
over civilian nurses because their devotion to God, training and habits ensured
their competence and faithfulness to duty. Nuns in Emmitsburg, MD, the Sisters of
Charity, responded quickly to care for the wounded during the Antietam and
Gettysburg Campaigns. History often
forgets these selfless women of the Civil War.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
There was a
great demand for nurses during the war because of the sheer numbers of sick and
wounded. The army initially used
convalescing soldiers as nurses but quickly became overwhelmed. So many women and men came forward to serve
that many were turned away. Nurses
provided support to the wounded by not only cooking and cleaning, but reading
to and writing for them, assisting them with difficult tasks such as bathing,
feeding those unable to feed themselves, or just comforting them while they
died. Often nurses wrote letters for
soldiers unable to do so themselves, or notified families of the death of their
loved ones. Surgeons might allow
competent and trusted nurses to change bandages and assist in giving
medications.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Walt Whitman
served in the hospitals in Washington D. C.
Already a famous poet, Whitman wrote and published his experiences for
the public; papers that are still quoted and studied almost 150 years
later. He fell into service after
observing the wounded in hospitals while searching for his wounded
brother. During his tenure, almost
50,000 men came and went as patients through the Washington hospitals. Whitman spent seven to eight hours a day
consoling the wounded with treats, stamps, small amounts of money and letter
writing. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The Civil War
was life changing for Miss Clara Barton, a clerk working at the Patent Office
as a copyist. Barton longed to join the
army but could not bring herself to don a uniform and disguise as a man. Her father, a veteran of the Indian Wars,
encouraged her to assist the war effort.
The 6<sup>th</sup> Massachusetts Infantry Regiment hailed from Worcester,
close to her hometown, and compelled her to act on their behalf after she
learned they were the militia attacked by secessionist protesters in Baltimore
on their way to Washington. Realizing
the military was unable to provide even the most basic comforts to soldiers,
she determined to become a one-woman relief agency. Her requests to distribute supplies on the
field were ignored until she pleaded her case to an influential officer in the
Quartermaster Department after she admitted she had gathered more than three
warehouses full of supplies. The
astonished officer, Major Daniel H. Rucker would eventually become
Quartermaster General of the Army.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Barton enabled
the medical department to use her as a loophole to deliver medical supplies to
the army in the field, circumventing the established system. Because she was a civilian, she did not fall
under military jurisdiction and did not have to travel in the accustomed
military order within the supply train.
After receiving her first pass to the front, Barton, after becoming
exceedingly annoyed at the supply train pace, ingeniously pulled out of line
during the day and traveled at night while the train rested, bypassing the
entire train and arriving at the field of battle a day earlier than her
peers. She distributed critically needed
supplies to 13 field hospitals the same day the USSC and USCC supply trains
left Washington – on the day of the battle.
Barton rode out to the battle line, worked as a medic assisting the
wounded to field hospitals under fire and spent the entire night assisting the
surgeon in charge at the Samuel Poffenberger farmhouse.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Barton’s
experiences did not end in 1865. Now
internationally famous due to her exploits, early in the year she began to
receive letters from families looking for missing soldiers. Moved by their acute anxiety and the failure
of others to meet the need, Barton proposed establishing a bureau to assist
these families to her patron, Senator Henry Wilson, Chairman of the Senate
Military Affairs Committee. She asked
Wilson to accompany her to the White House to present the idea to President
Lincoln. Wilson could not go with her,
but presented the idea to Lincoln. The
President referred the idea to the War Department for recommendation, but
rather than wait for their reply, posted a notice in a Washington paper for
interested parties to contact Barton with or for information. In the following days, Barton began receiving
up to three hundred letters a day.
Although Barton hoped to establish an official bureau in the Federal
government to support the effort, she contributed over $17,000.00 over four
years, and received reimbursement of $15,000.00 from Congress in bonds. To help fund the project, Barton went on the
lecture circuit and made a profit of $12,000.00. Dangerously declining health forced Barton to
close the office and travel to Europe to regain her strength.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Barton’s trip
to Europe cemented her desire to see a permanent organization along the lines
of the Sanitary Commission established in the United States. While vacationing in Switzerland, the leaders
of the recently formed International Red Cross called to ask why the U. S. had
not signed and ratified the Geneva Convention of 1864. The U. S. sent Henry Bellows as their
delegate. Barton had never heard of the
organization or treaty, and agreed to investigate upon her return to the
States. Before she had fully recovered
her health, the IRC began providing support for the Franco-Prussian War, and
Barton could not resist their call to duty.
She traveled to France and helped civilian refugees rebuild and recover
from local fighting that devastated their city.
By the time Barton returned to the U. S., she determined to establish a
Red Cross society for the nation and convince the federal government to sign
the Geneva Convention treaty. Although
it would take Barton close to a decade to accomplish her goal, The American Red
Cross became chartered by the U. S. government (with an expansion to include natural disasters giving it a peacetime purpose), the treaty ratified by
Congress, and the organization she founded would go on to become one of the biggest
and most influential relief agencies in the world. Dr. Henry Bellows wrote a letter of
congratulations to Barton, lamenting that he was unable to accomplish the feat.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Clara Barton
prevailed despite many seemingly impregnable obstacles thrown in her way by
military authorities and jealous colleagues, but she was not alone. Dr. Mary Walker navigated through heavy
prejudices and attacks on her reputation to assist wounded soldiers as a
physician during the Civil War. Walker
decided on a career in medicine and graduated from medical school in 1855. She married and practiced alongside her
husband until they separated four years later due to her eccentricities and his
unfaithfulness. A dedicated champion of
dress reform and women’s rights, Walker pushed her way into contracted
positions as an assistant surgeon through volunteerism and persistence during
the war. The first woman awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor for work in the field in 1865, Walker’s
flamboyance continued to rankle those around her, losing her clerkship at the
Patent Office in a sexual harassment scandal in the 1880s. Her work and advocacy of women’s rights
opened the door for women in medicine.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Although
civilians such as Clara Barton and Walt Whitman receive recognition for their
contributions during the war, the scope of the significance of civilian support
goes unnoticed as historians focus on battles and military and political
leaders. The rise of social history and
interest in women’s history have come a long way in promoting individual
contributions, but the best lessons learned regarding public participation in
wartime continue to receive little attention.
The organizations and dedicated work on the part of civilians during the
Civil War has contributed not only to the war effort during the conflict, but
changed the lives and improved humanity from their establishment to the present
day. Civilian contributions to this
critical period in American history changed social views of the abilities of
women, especially for themselves, created innovation that benefited society
after the war, and led to a movement to establish humanitarian relief on a
national scale and during peacetime.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The continued ignorance of these facts may
lead a general misjudgment regarding the consequences of conflict, with
realization of a commitment made too late to retract. Since the purpose of history is to inform
others of the past for understanding of how it may influence our present and
future, it seems logical to understand consequences and act rather than react
after war is initiated. It is important
to recognize civilian participation and contributions during the Civil War to
offer both warning and hope when the storm of war approaches. Perhaps then history can serve its purpose of
assisting decision making and improving the lives of everyone.</div>
<br />
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Clyde
Buckingham, <i>Clara Barton</i>:<i> A Broad Humanity</i>. (Alexandria, VA:
Mount Vernon Publishing Company, 1977), pp. 1. </span><span style="color: windowtext;">Stephen
B. Oates, <i>A Woman of Valor: Clara Barton
and the Civil War</i>, (New York: The Free Press, 1994), pp. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> 17. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Schultz, <i>At The Front</i>,
pp. 15-16, 18, 21, 125.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Judith Giesberg, <i>Civil War Sisterhood: The US Sanitary Commission and Women’s Politics
in Transition</i>. (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000), pp. 137. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 14, 21. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> Kathleen A. Ernst, <i>Too Afraid to Cry: Maryland Civilians in the Antietam Campaign</i>,
(Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Bookes, 1999), pp. 121-122, 128, 176, 197,
231-232. Jane E. Schultz, <i>Women at the F ront,81,
83. Hospital Workers in Civil War America</i>, (Chapel Hill, NC: The University
of North Carolina Press, 2004), pp. 17.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Schultz, <i>At The Front</i>, 16-17, 19-22, 102-103,
118, 165-166, 213.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid.<i>, </i>pp. 6. Marian Moser Jones, The
American Red Cross: From Clara Barton to the New Deal, (Baltimore, MD: The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), 13.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Schultz, <i>At The Front</i>,
pp. 14. Buckingham, <i>Barton</i>, 9-11.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Not all of the influence served to help the
soldier. The USSC pressed Congress to
direct soldier pay home to the soldier’s families towards the end of the war,
stranding some at the end of the war. Giesberg, <i>Sisterhood, </i>pp. 137. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<o:p><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></o:p><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="font-size: small;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Dorothy Denneen Volo and James M. Volo. <i>Daily Life in Civil War America</i>, Daily Life Series, (Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1998), pp. 169.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Drew Gilpin Faust, <i>This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War</i>, (New
York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008), pp. 107-110, 136. Schultz, <i>At The Front</i>, 14, 39-40. Clyde Buckingham, <i>Barton</i>, pp. 36.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Faust, <i>Suffering, </i>pp.
105-107, 112-113. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4 </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ibid., 113, 116.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> Schultz, <i>At The
Front</i>, pp. 16.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> Ibid.<i>, </i>pp.
110, 114, 124, 127.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> Ibid., 123. Whitman's duties were considered nursing at that time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> William E. Barton, <i>The Life of Clara Barton, Founder of the American Red Cross</i>, two
volumes, (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1922), Vol. 1, 194, 195.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="font-size: small;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: x-small;"> Susan Rosenvold, <i>Clara
Barton at Antietam</i>, (Presentation given at annual Save Historic Antietam
Foundation Meeting, June 7, 2012). Barton, <i>Founder</i>,
195, 198-199.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> Barton<i>, Founder,
</i>Vol. 1 pp. 334-348.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ibid., Vol. 2,
pp. 2-8, 183-184. Oates, <i>Valor,</i> pp.
382. Jones, <i>Red Cross</i>,, pp. 24-25,
31, 33-36.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
National Institutes of Health, “Dr. Mary
Walker”, <i>Changing the Face of Medicine</i>,
accessed 05/24/2014, <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_325.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_325.html</a>,. Schultz, <i>At The Front , </i>pp. 174, 176-178.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6964417266700036521#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Buckingham, <i>Barton</i>,
321. Oates, <i>Valor</i>, x, 383. Faust, <i>Suffering</i>,
271.</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-71022423377808856752014-05-15T15:41:00.001-04:002014-05-15T15:41:42.369-04:00Hold That Thought!I feel compelled to explain my absence. Like Clara sometimes suffered from illness, depression, etc., I have been off taking care of other business for a while. I have also left the National Museum of Civil War Medicine. A new, thoughtful post will be coming soon. <br />
<br />
Meanwhile, please keep an eye out for the opening of the Missing Soldiers Office, or take a ride to Glen Echo and visit Clara's old home from Red Cross and later, the <a href="http://www.nps.gov/clba" target="_blank">Clara Barton National Historic Site</a>. Anyone near Worcester, Massachusetts can visit <a href="http://clarabartonbirthplace.org/site/" target="_blank">Clara's birthplace</a> in North Oxford.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-63869587090076309592014-03-13T14:25:00.000-04:002014-03-13T14:25:31.180-04:00Connections<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One basic rule of business is to
network - make connections - with people that are peers, suppliers, in the
non-profit world, potential funders, and fans to use when necessary to grow. If
a positive personal relationship is developed, one can usually barter for what
they need - a productive symbiotic relationship that benefits everyone. There
is no evidence that Clara Barton ever took a business class or read any
self-help books about building support for her work, but she was born with an
innate ability to network and connect those who could help her that ought to be
the envy of all due to her extraordinary success. This support system is rarely
mentioned, these important people rarely recognized. In fact, I lobbied for
their inclusion as part of the National Museum of Civil War Medicine's upcoming
Missing Soldiers Office (MSO) Museum in Washington, but there is just not
enough space or time to cover all of Barton much less anyone else. To get these
critically important supporters recognized, for their stories are also very
interesting and informative, I will have to do that here on the blog. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The list of supporters is a long
one, her humanitarian career lasted over 50 years. In fact, her support prior
to the war in education and as an independent woman continued to offer help
after her focus changed drastically. Just as the U.S. military could not have
won the Civil War without the significant help it received from civilians,
Clara Barton would be lost to history if not for her friends and fans all over
the U. S. A. I have attempted to list these American patriots in something of
the level of assistance they gave Barton, although it is all arguable. I am
sure to miss quite a few important people since my research has revolved
primarily around the Civil War era, and not the later Red Cross years at this
point. Most family members are not listed due to their obvious support. My list
includes (but is not limited to):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vice President Henry Wilson</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - US Senator during the Civil War and Chairman of the
Senate Military Senate Affairs Committee, gave significant emotional and
material support until his death.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwDpci745h4bV6B8hTDpE8nOS_QShTRVrY9nYAWEPNTGTYWihcV1ea9vdQ20w9JeI9StOqySQ0wNP7bnxvQGRtN47WbLbUoiCSHjGNX7JgRMEJDGPaAmKaaTZiADhNFW9FBE8zg_BNvtg/s1600/0wilsonThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwDpci745h4bV6B8hTDpE8nOS_QShTRVrY9nYAWEPNTGTYWihcV1ea9vdQ20w9JeI9StOqySQ0wNP7bnxvQGRtN47WbLbUoiCSHjGNX7JgRMEJDGPaAmKaaTZiADhNFW9FBE8zg_BNvtg/s1600/0wilsonThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vice President Henry Wilson</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Nephew Stephen E. Barton</b> -
Gave emotional and material support all through his adult years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General Daniel H. Rucker</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - First officer to assist Barton in getting to the
battlefield. In command of the Washington Supply Depots when she first met him,
he would eventually be Quartermaster General of the Army. Barton
transportation, additional supplies and passes to battlefields.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig8KGWOOOFiwl0LNDKbBSnRDnXt6CAjRNPrVIWBLbCIh3UsjqgyJkmHtlT4-VWAad4C7TtzdFooPYkoo1xfmmmtAWMVOGBJyufJir2zAFTrjEWoAYAMrDMui1L9-wpOXjAgX2WrZUskfWm/s1600/0RuckerThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig8KGWOOOFiwl0LNDKbBSnRDnXt6CAjRNPrVIWBLbCIh3UsjqgyJkmHtlT4-VWAad4C7TtzdFooPYkoo1xfmmmtAWMVOGBJyufJir2zAFTrjEWoAYAMrDMui1L9-wpOXjAgX2WrZUskfWm/s1600/0RuckerThmbnl.jpg" height="200" width="191" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Daniel H. Rucker</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2M1w6kM3-oGpPHdijuzyvnwHr327b0FHT-HamzkqJeNpaHwbY4ReDrUd2_vShXdvJ-jwjczTXKZqDa1oqzbXtdkeKFfoyNTf39mBzM7nec0jqb2nrVt71_6ApCG5yQcW1jQ3pYt5YxxmZ/s1600/0WHammondThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2M1w6kM3-oGpPHdijuzyvnwHr327b0FHT-HamzkqJeNpaHwbY4ReDrUd2_vShXdvJ-jwjczTXKZqDa1oqzbXtdkeKFfoyNTf39mBzM7nec0jqb2nrVt71_6ApCG5yQcW1jQ3pYt5YxxmZ/s1600/0WHammondThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General (Dr.) William A. Hammond</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General William A. Hammond</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - similar support to Rucker, happy to use Barton to get
supplies to the field faster. Sent valuable supplies forward with her for faster
delivery.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">President Abraham Lincoln</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Published a notice naming Barton as head of search for
missing soldiers. She never met him in person, although they were in close
proximity several times.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secy of War Edwin Stanton</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Gave Barton her only official status as a nurse during
the war. When she finally met him in 1865 she was pleasantly surprised to see
him walk towards her with hand extended and a smile after hearing of his
reputation for roughness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General Benjamin Butler</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Got Barton out to the field in 1864, gave her temporary
women's prison reform job after the war.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiK7GN3zjoCBOyfV1b-zFcIOFSwsYcN2RQ0udwT39h6ZIUhSnSOiPM6g5Bqy-n4R4mlSr8yCpZ_EUh2oQr32M1EQw-91PpN2TwxojvdohoskZk4U-foXyBXLNXF3yAtUhH69Ysw3OgjyOs/s1600/0GenButlerThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiK7GN3zjoCBOyfV1b-zFcIOFSwsYcN2RQ0udwT39h6ZIUhSnSOiPM6g5Bqy-n4R4mlSr8yCpZ_EUh2oQr32M1EQw-91PpN2TwxojvdohoskZk4U-foXyBXLNXF3yAtUhH69Ysw3OgjyOs/s1600/0GenButlerThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Benjamin Butler</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsyUHw28rY5K9WEPUN8aQSBWkF3KKBFsyUArDKku9doQQYQyaTVsCNJlvQ_ze_9wZYpTQu9LMsbaO9d5xoM0VxbKyEti5w1GTx5duuUF0FRurKl6XZCxp_FyIz3VgdJ7qmQkkp7gGAXNJD/s1600/0FDGageThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsyUHw28rY5K9WEPUN8aQSBWkF3KKBFsyUArDKku9doQQYQyaTVsCNJlvQ_ze_9wZYpTQu9LMsbaO9d5xoM0VxbKyEti5w1GTx5duuUF0FRurKl6XZCxp_FyIz3VgdJ7qmQkkp7gGAXNJD/s1600/0FDGageThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mrs. Frances D. Gage</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Frances D. Gage</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Barton called her Aunt Fannie and she gave tremendous
emotional support. Mrs. Gage helped Barton establish and create funding
opportunities for the Missing Soldiers Office.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Annie Childs</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Made most of Barton's clothes at no cost during the war.
Rallied Women's Aid Societies in Massachusetts to send Barton supplies.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dorence Atwater</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - supplied Barton with names of over 13,000 soldiers
unreportedly buried at Andersonville Prison, Georgia. Acted as Barton's escort
and co-speaker during her initial lecture circuit.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrlG49wnYiIOwhyQXriaNvZUQ7CEu2q5Fj8sdaceqbAP1YDzxmlGlGprSE7YzqjUAaN5GvNTvQ0gImN44Z-aL9JswhGhB1ydX_QeIZ6GllzYD7NRH0oghyphenhyphent4qEAlRhjtku8WdTXTMjcgdH/s1600/0AtwaterThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrlG49wnYiIOwhyQXriaNvZUQ7CEu2q5Fj8sdaceqbAP1YDzxmlGlGprSE7YzqjUAaN5GvNTvQ0gImN44Z-aL9JswhGhB1ydX_QeIZ6GllzYD7NRH0oghyphenhyphent4qEAlRhjtku8WdTXTMjcgdH/s1600/0AtwaterThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dorence Atwater</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jules Golay</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - worked at MSO and provided place for Barton to stay in
Europe.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General John J. Elwell</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Provided emotional support during Barton's stay in South
Carolina. Quartered in a room down the hall, Elwell escorted Barton on many
horseback rides, picnics, and dining.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General John J. Elwell</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD12jmmvKwMj8RChfS0Ix15lrnpYy-LZJug6h2Lwc87Co9emHnVKLhISEpH0G9oXPHrjI6rUc_6b-GSYwg2f2qivm4RkdfffArMudMPvFQ_UpU7a340v1TKTL9jeb7uNCZSVUJGI5FzvXO/s1600/0EShawThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD12jmmvKwMj8RChfS0Ix15lrnpYy-LZJug6h2Lwc87Co9emHnVKLhISEpH0G9oXPHrjI6rUc_6b-GSYwg2f2qivm4RkdfffArMudMPvFQ_UpU7a340v1TKTL9jeb7uNCZSVUJGI5FzvXO/s1600/0EShawThmbnl.jpg" height="200" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Edward Shaw, Esquire</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Edward Shaw</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - Sublet Barton her rooms on 7th Street during the War.
Helped her work at the MSO.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General U.S. Grant</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - gave Barton and one companion free transportation to
assist with MSO and endorsed her work.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Honorable Alexander DeWitt</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - introduced Barton to Massachusetts society in Washington
and helped her get work at the Patent Office.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx28IBBd3zwgef8bb76l8oh5-lUGh8Im5dDmUiLzJpzSgD6P_7rbD5B7VIQmk3dTMlX32F7UTk1bK5JYfA7G4rrTZcRfrVbVEjUAsHkgO6Ca70Rr6O-wmT7BcyGZkrfegbHOu4-7YQKHYl/s1600/0DeWittThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx28IBBd3zwgef8bb76l8oh5-lUGh8Im5dDmUiLzJpzSgD6P_7rbD5B7VIQmk3dTMlX32F7UTk1bK5JYfA7G4rrTZcRfrVbVEjUAsHkgO6Ca70Rr6O-wmT7BcyGZkrfegbHOu4-7YQKHYl/s1600/0DeWittThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Honorable Alexander DeWitt</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5WyCp2wRD0mLrKwvq2Y6fWqAyT709Pw6CFJjh5z1L06vkxlpvDEMTHsSsRiMSzPwK59CCfvIFtFDp_ViEubWSOWWVH4Sfe0Qwanh0FtHZMEfeOHCDibWfLv6sH3IZh_Gzz35FXPs6LYZM/s1600/0DrHubbellThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5WyCp2wRD0mLrKwvq2Y6fWqAyT709Pw6CFJjh5z1L06vkxlpvDEMTHsSsRiMSzPwK59CCfvIFtFDp_ViEubWSOWWVH4Sfe0Qwanh0FtHZMEfeOHCDibWfLv6sH3IZh_Gzz35FXPs6LYZM/s1600/0DrHubbellThmbnl.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Jullian Hubbell</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Jullian Hubbell</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - led field work for Barton during the Red Cross years.
Barton's trust of Hubbell cut back on how many disasters she felt compelled to
attend to personally. For his loyalty and friendship, Barton left him the Glen
Echo home in her will.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">General Ethan Allen Hitchcock</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> - endorsed Barton's work, writing her introduction to the
Provost Marshall in Annapolis and concurring with Generals Rucker and Grant,
and (approved by) President Johnson regarding government printing of the Rolls
of Missing Men.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjKSIFySjK_EGL8Y9A1Jje26V2bAhWtSwI0FX_XGPpioPf_eWb7m2VELYInrjMGblmgaGpqPglCELI_YdQLJ3zJgpfs8XKZbVxohmGanGo9fCYhaXbXLXKBmMWc0hLcpgMqiu8cNSSGEAE/s1600/0Gen_EthanAllenHitchcockThmbnl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjKSIFySjK_EGL8Y9A1Jje26V2bAhWtSwI0FX_XGPpioPf_eWb7m2VELYInrjMGblmgaGpqPglCELI_YdQLJ3zJgpfs8XKZbVxohmGanGo9fCYhaXbXLXKBmMWc0hLcpgMqiu8cNSSGEAE/s1600/0Gen_EthanAllenHitchcockThmbnl.jpg" height="200" width="165" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Ethan Allan Hitchcock</td></tr>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I hope you enjoyed meeting some of
Clara Barton's best friends and supporters. Wait! That can not be all?! Can you
think of anyone else? Leave a comment with a name of the friend and brief
description. Thank you for your contribution in advance!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-43176343481215931612014-02-19T09:10:00.001-05:002014-02-19T10:49:13.023-05:00Bully For Clara?Recently it is reported in the news that workplace bullying is a reality, viz. a report that found that a former lineman for a professional football team was bullied by coworkers with the full support of the coaching staff. The man accused of bullying the lineman claims that what happened was not bullying but a method of toughening up a player to make them more aggressive. The investigator wrote that besides racial and sexual slurs aimed particularly at the player, his family was also threatened. That seems to be a peculiar way of toughening one up. It is sad to see that bullying is not just taking place in schools, but in the workplace as well. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEykbJpqm3ClenLU4GD1IHXKVLQl7vv8yMrvqN1jvyAWghCtTVmYGzpMhXKP2kLtTotYkYzyoGbnmaoR8lzKfp7OvHeaz-y9Y9FtK-xlgUrlEPNX0P2iY1ncgm70YREe7xtTmKdnw9gIXc/s1600/brooks_sumner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEykbJpqm3ClenLU4GD1IHXKVLQl7vv8yMrvqN1jvyAWghCtTVmYGzpMhXKP2kLtTotYkYzyoGbnmaoR8lzKfp7OvHeaz-y9Y9FtK-xlgUrlEPNX0P2iY1ncgm70YREe7xtTmKdnw9gIXc/s1600/brooks_sumner.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Workplacing bullying at its worst!</td></tr>
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One may wonder, what does this have to do with Clara Barton? She was famously bullied while working at the Patent Office in the 1850s. She was the first woman to receive a permanent position at the same rate of pay as her male coworkers. Most biographers cover the period without telling the whole story. They wrote that the men were jealous of Barton's position and her pay since women were considered second class citizens unable to perform the tasks given men. <br />
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As Paul Harvey used to say, "and now, the rest of the story." In an interview with Lenora Halstead in 1890, Miss Barton gives some details of her work that shed a good deal of light about how her co-workers treated her. She told Ms. Halstead, <br />
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<blockquote>
The carriage of the Comm[issioner]
of Patents called with the request that I sh[oul]d get in & drive down to see
him. It was a most unusual thing for a woman to go to one of the Dep[ar]t[ment]s;
in those days there was not a woman on their payrolls not one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were a few women, the d[aughte]rs
and widow of a man who had died who did his work & rec’d pay in his name,
but this was substitution and was almost unknown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I got into the carriage & went
to see the Comm. as requested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his
room the first person I saw was an old friend of my father’s who had known me
from childhood and who welcomed me cordially.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Comm. asked me, he said after he had presented me, if I know of a
man of perfect integrity & trustworthiness, whoed [sic] do some important work
for him in finding out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>where frauds had
been perpetrated in his accounts, and I told him I knew of no such man, but I
did know a woman who c[oul]d exactly serve him and he told me to send for her, &
so here <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">you are. I tried to disclaim his praises but the Comm w[oul]d<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>not listen to me & only asked me if I w[oul]d
take the place? I said, ‘Why, I don’t know why I sh[oul]dn’t, yes, I will.” “Very
well,” said he, “I am delighted to hear it now when you can come?” “There you
choose, said I. “Can you stay now?” “Certainly, “ and I took off my bonnet
& shawl & staid [sic].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <em> </em></span><em>I worked in
that office from that time; I found the frauds, & my service was the first
woman’s name to go on the payrolls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
made a great commotion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The clerks; they
knew what it meant,</em> & they tried to make the place too hard for me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t a pleasant experience, in fact, it
was very trying, but I thought perhaps there was some question of principle
involved & I lived it through.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (italics mine)</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Now there's the rub-- Barton stated that she was brought into the Office to investigate fraud and she found some, certainly leading to the dismissal of clerks and examiners. The Commissioner, Judge Charles Mason, became famous as the man who reformed the Patent Office. Evidently, Barton conducted the investigation. It seems reasonable that these clerks were not only jealous of Barton's unusual position, but she also posed a direct threat to their employment. That threat would certainly cause some men to react by making Barton's life miserable. Perhaps Barton was not the sweet innocent victim of abuse that writers have made her out to be. It does not excuse the abuse, but it does give a clearer understanding of the situation at the time. Barton had every right to feel justified in her work exposing illegal activities in the Office, but leaving that tidbit of information out implies Barton did nothing to cause the abuse.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTDCTRNs1iPOX1TFsvpKd71jtlOpzPTj316WTNQL2GwMpgmGpztwh9VKjpVgA_WpLDekd86LGgImmiy4BFBCMXJrjphyDpUaxgkOtJW0xvBsz6k-73U2o_lzKNleO2fGw8RBo3e3Aau_G/s1600/Charles_Mason_Iowa_Supreme_Ct_Portrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTDCTRNs1iPOX1TFsvpKd71jtlOpzPTj316WTNQL2GwMpgmGpztwh9VKjpVgA_WpLDekd86LGgImmiy4BFBCMXJrjphyDpUaxgkOtJW0xvBsz6k-73U2o_lzKNleO2fGw8RBo3e3Aau_G/s1600/Charles_Mason_Iowa_Supreme_Ct_Portrait.jpg" height="320" width="245" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Iowa Supreme Court Justice Charles Mason</span></div>
</span></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">I have to admit, it may well be that this story lost credibility with interpreters because of the lateness of the interview. Barton was 68 years old in March of 1890. Any well-trained historian knows that the farther away from an event the less accurate it will be. But then, family and friends remarked on Barton's keen mind up until her death at age 90. </span></span><br />
<br />
Unfortunately, there was nothing Barton could do about the bullies, but it is a shame Mason did not do anything to stop it, or some other man at the Patent Office. Evidently, according to the Workplace Bullying Institute, that is not unusual and sometimes, as in the case in football, it appears even conducted or sanctioned by leadership. The institute points out that workplace bullying actually reduces the productivity and revenue for an organization that does nothing to stop it. One would think that from a purely business perspective that would be incentive enough for businesses to be pro-active in preventing bullying. Although no one should have to endure the abuse Barton did, I admire her for her determination to ignore the abuse and continue her work. She could be one tough lady.<br />
<br />
For more information about today's problems with workplace bullying, go to <a href="http://www.workplacebullying.org/">http://www.workplacebullying.org</a>. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-84556403444815888502014-02-07T11:56:00.000-05:002014-02-07T13:35:50.537-05:00A Little Miscommunication: Three Cheers for Clara Barton!In 1882, a veteran's reunion group asked Clara Barton to come speak at an event. At this time strong lobbying efforts for women's rights by Susan B. Anthony and her followers obviously annoyed some men. According to Barton, the group reassured their membership stating,<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
We can promise our citizens a rare treat of patriotic eloquence such as is seldom listened to X X and we can assure them that there will be no cause for disappointment, they will not have thrust upon them a lecture on woman's rights after the style of Susan B. Anthony and her clique. Miss Barton does not belong to that class of women.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
As I read this, I thought about the silence before a young child screams after being hurt, pictured the steam escaping adult human ears when furious- as forceful and noisy as a steam engine's boiler being reduced, pictured the veins popping and red neck that Gen. Robert E. Lee's staff allege he displayed when highly annoyed...oh boy, this is going to hit the roof! I was not disappointed. <br />
<br />
Her response:<br />
<blockquote>
My blood boiled as I read and faced an audience of which the most exacting speaker might be proud, not even standing room in the aisles. And I treated them to their feast of 'Patriotic eloquence' a vim I had no power to control. I could feel the indignation hiss between my teeth as the words rolled almost unbidden, but I held firmly to my subject till it was ended, and when they had shouted and cheered to a tiger I resumed- in the following text--<br />
<br />
'Soldiers, you have called me here to speak to you on the war we lived together. I have done it. Now I have a word for you. I wish to read this paragraph which you have used to help fill your hall,-' I read it very slowly and distinctly.<br />
<br />
That paragraph, my comrades, does worse than misrepresent me as a woman, it maligns my friend and it allures the brightest and bravest work ever done in the land for either me or you. You glorify the women who made their way to the front to seek you out in your misery and nurse you back to life. You call us angels. Who opened the war for us to go, and made it possible, who but that detested set of women who for years had claimed that women had rights and should have the privilege to exercise them, the right to her own property, her own children, her own home, to her freedom of action, to her personal liberty, and upon this other women have claimed the right and took the courage if only to go to a camp and drag a wounded man out of a swamp [?] and try to save him for his family and country.<br />
<br />
And soldiers, for every woman's hand that ever cooled your fevered brow, staunched your bleeding wounds or called life back to your famished body you should bless God for Susan B. Anthony, Cady Stanton and their followers. No one has stood so alone, so unhelped as Susan Anthony and Soldiers I would have the first <u>monument</u> that is ever raised to any woman in this country raised to her, and that monument <u>will</u> be raised and your daughters, boys will help proudly, gratefully help to set its granite blocks for everlasting age, set it where all may see. And I would reproduce the eloquence of Webster at Bunker Hill-, [']Let the earliest light of the morning gild it and parting long linger and play on its summit.[']<br />
<br />
Boy's, three cheers for Susan Anthony!<br />
<br />
And the very windows shook in their easements.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
I believe that cleared any misunderstandings up quite well as well as establish "what class of woman" Clara Barton was, don't you?Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-89550781489652954062014-01-22T11:54:00.000-05:002014-05-15T15:28:10.856-04:00Barton Hall of Fame Nominee Lucy Stone<br />
While considering how to convey the suspected reasoning behind Clara
Barton's nomination of Lucy Stone Blackwell, the best short phrase that keeps
coming to mind is "The Original American Women's Libber.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During my vetting process, one article on
Stone-Blackwell states, "<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Stone was known for using her <span style="color: black;">maiden
name</span> after marriage." Unlike some of the other women ahead of their
time in the 19th century, the choice did not seem to affect her marriage. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV04746v72gopsBkrGWUQai-UTQEPklms6_qS27nBwMbHX4Vh-fwXRUsaQyjs_0F0sz96MNDU9iC8rEZvz8Q8FOnwxKUqNJFGtG5mog5B8JYh7zAdVhEPvpdHkEh8KS8UGa5qLSKNXBHm5/s1600/779_lucy_stone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV04746v72gopsBkrGWUQai-UTQEPklms6_qS27nBwMbHX4Vh-fwXRUsaQyjs_0F0sz96MNDU9iC8rEZvz8Q8FOnwxKUqNJFGtG5mog5B8JYh7zAdVhEPvpdHkEh8KS8UGa5qLSKNXBHm5/s1600/779_lucy_stone.jpg" height="320" width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lucy Stone<br />Courtesy of <span class="irc_ho" dir="ltr" style="margin-right: -2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 2px; text-overflow: ellipsis; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">www.dorchesteratheneum.org</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Lucy
Stone, like Barton, hailed from Central Massachusetts. Working through
genealogical records found no biological kinship between Barton and Stone even
though only a mere 19 miles separate their hometowns. Stone also, like Barton,
grew up believing she could accomplish almost anything a man could and never
understood why anyone considered women inferior to men. While Barton would go
on to a career in humanitarianism, Stone would promote women's suffrage. </span><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
Barton and Stone also shared the teaching profession early in their
adulthood that impacted their ideas about women's rights. For Barton, teaching
was somewhat a family occupation; both her sisters taught and her older brother
Stephen superintended the Oxford, Massachusetts school system for a time. Stone
also followed in her older siblings footsteps, and left the profession when
paid less than her brother for substituting for him. Barton left when the
public school committee in Bordentown,
NJ hired a man as principal at the school she had organized and established.
Neither would go back to the classroom as a teacher.<o:p></o:p><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Stone received her baccalaureate degree from
Oberlin </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Collegiate
Institute in Ohio </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">on August 25, 1847,
becoming the first female college graduate from Massachusetts. Influenced by
abolitionist and women's suffrage lecturers such William Lloyd Garrison, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sarah Grimke, and Antoinette Brown, Stone decided
on a career as a public speaker. Surprisingly, the men in her family supported
the idea, while Stone's mother and sisters did not. Stone began giving
anti-slavery lectures in Massachusetts, but by 1849 also spoke in New York and
Pennsylvania. National recognition came by 1851.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYtVTBFe4CRfMvQqyMDpabgKEIfqCcMGOPlucvqyyMEx7z9hLus2rhDOKHaQFjs-yz4TJ49pKgUPQ-535wfQTkbIiMSQQucbDZ42tvOzAkABHwv4eoV5PxyM2pNL3H0_T1yLzpPC1HmEMx/s1600/Young_Henry_B_BlackwellCropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYtVTBFe4CRfMvQqyMDpabgKEIfqCcMGOPlucvqyyMEx7z9hLus2rhDOKHaQFjs-yz4TJ49pKgUPQ-535wfQTkbIiMSQQucbDZ42tvOzAkABHwv4eoV5PxyM2pNL3H0_T1yLzpPC1HmEMx/s1600/Young_Henry_B_BlackwellCropped.jpg" height="320" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Blackwell<br />Courtesy of <span class="irc_ho" dir="ltr" style="margin-right: -2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 2px; text-overflow: ellipsis; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">www.dorchesteratheneum.org</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Unlike
Barton, Stone married Henry Blackwell after a two-year courtship. Blackwell
became Stone's manager and took the unusual step of a <span style="background: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">prenuptial</span></span>
agreement stating the couple were partners, would share costs of maintaining a
household equally, and allowing Stone to keep her last name. Blackwell went so
far as to include a protest of man's superiority over his wife and vowed not to
do so. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Worcester (Massachusetts) Spy</i>
published the protest and made national headlines. Stone would bear one
daughter, Alice, born in 1857, who went on to follow in her mother's footsteps.</span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMfR9x1oSaX2ODEnBj7Uckr4nRlYud1RkG9y83gQKtlaF9c0rNcIe1Sat3O9UdgIE5bzwp0Czqhpbg3ADWAgXFRppwNaq_1pDjb5YW4iHwOxFKW3DuEpoYYDQ5xqSMJ5QXbnxy5Y1y8k3J/s1600/Lucy_Stone_and_her_daughter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMfR9x1oSaX2ODEnBj7Uckr4nRlYud1RkG9y83gQKtlaF9c0rNcIe1Sat3O9UdgIE5bzwp0Czqhpbg3ADWAgXFRppwNaq_1pDjb5YW4iHwOxFKW3DuEpoYYDQ5xqSMJ5QXbnxy5Y1y8k3J/s1600/Lucy_Stone_and_her_daughter.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lucy and daughter Alice<br />Courtesy of <span class="irc_ho" dir="ltr" style="margin-right: -2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 2px; text-overflow: ellipsis; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">www.dorchesteratheneum.org</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">During the 1850s and 1860s, Stone founded or helped
found several national organizations beginning with the National Women's Rights
Convention in 1855, and including the Women's National Loyal League in 1863,
the American Equal Rights Association in 1866 along with Lucretia Mott,
Elizabeth <span style="background: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">Cady</span></span>
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass and others. She founded the
American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 with Julia Ward Howe in a split
from Stanton and Anthony's National Women Suffrage Association who only allowed
women members. The two Associations would merge in 1887.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7ZvquzV1bTDRM7nBJDumBBQfFlAATWZQU_839iqgUo6_QuGGY0Bb-J8fi1YxwgMLodEVsRgI6ubKtpdpKkADBqTlUqljDqFJeloclhZbLahAqQnW4hy4bYbagB27d1hE5GkjasyUAHR0/s1600/older_lucy_stone_Roch_antheum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7ZvquzV1bTDRM7nBJDumBBQfFlAATWZQU_839iqgUo6_QuGGY0Bb-J8fi1YxwgMLodEVsRgI6ubKtpdpKkADBqTlUqljDqFJeloclhZbLahAqQnW4hy4bYbagB27d1hE5GkjasyUAHR0/s1600/older_lucy_stone_Roch_antheum.jpg" height="320" width="210" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lucy in later years<br />Courtesy of <span class="irc_ho" dir="ltr" style="margin-right: -2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 2px; text-overflow: ellipsis; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">www.dorchesteratheneum.org</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Stone spent much of her career writing and lobbying
for state and national petitions to support her cause. She spoke to Congress in
1891 regarding women's suffrage although women's suffrage would remain undone
until 1920. Stone also founded and edited the <em><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Woman's Journal</span></em> in 1870, which ceased publication in
1831. She also led a unaccepted movement to change women's clothing, sporting a "bloomers" dress at public appearances early in her speaking career. Lucy Stone died at her home in <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">Dorchester</span></span>,</span> Massachusetts on October
18, 1893.</span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-65582499469891964092014-01-09T12:37:00.000-05:002014-01-09T12:37:04.410-05:00To Write Or Not To Write...It seems most would agree that to make a reputation as an influential professional historian, one must write and publish not only books, but all sorts of printed matter for public consumption. Yesterday, at the main museum I noticed a new book in our library, <em>Lincoln and Whitman</em>, by William E. Barton, Clara Barton's cousin. Funny I thought, I was just looking through his biography of Miss Barton to find some outstanding quotes for part of the CBMSO's exhibits, and spoke to the museum's Director of Research about his peerless credibility as a Barton biographer. The inside cover of <em>Lincoln and Whitman</em> is filled with several reviews by his peers outlining his expertise as a Lincoln scholar.<br />
<br />
Part of my work at the museum is to develop material for all types of programming. Naturally, my first thoughts centered on what to write and publish in regards to my research on Barton. But a problem arises due to the amount of work already available to the public. One may find so much varying material on Barton already that covers just about every aspect of her being as to give a fairly balanced perception of this legendary woman. William Barton's biography and Stephen Oates' focus on the Civil War years (<em>A Woman of Valor: Clara Barton and the Civil War</em>), two favorites, leave almost no stone unturned. While writing and designing programming material is still necessary to cover specific aspects the museum will highlight, the question still remains- what major work could be accomplished on Barton that will fascinate and inspire interested citizens as well as catch those who are blissfully unaware of the extraordinary importance of a long-gone heroine?<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMqjovVH6VUpgqmFyaXS1UG0kocHEzcQ5ZG7suMtoy6J1jHT7MiEqTWqk1cHHugnpxL7HUhkV2YH1w_ZRqPxeXE5aoWBh9Ycdeklsmr97WTwzbfY11TwqQfBK1DIlh_qpXTcO1XKJyArdt/s1600/ArmyCWsupplyWagons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMqjovVH6VUpgqmFyaXS1UG0kocHEzcQ5ZG7suMtoy6J1jHT7MiEqTWqk1cHHugnpxL7HUhkV2YH1w_ZRqPxeXE5aoWBh9Ycdeklsmr97WTwzbfY11TwqQfBK1DIlh_qpXTcO1XKJyArdt/s1600/ArmyCWsupplyWagons.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Civil War Supply Wagons<br />
Courtesy of the Library of Congress</td></tr>
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First and foremost, it is disappointing that no one has compiled and published her writings. One of my most profound delights is reading about the experiences and thoughts of a historical figure from their own words. Barton left literally thousands of documents available so that her life might be remembered and are the basis of cousin William Barton's biography. She thoughtfully kept her writings and appointed friends and colleagues to a "literary committee" led by William Barton to ensure their availability as reference material. Accomplishing this feat is now in progress.<br />
<br />
Secondly, has Barton been remembered for her most important achievements? I suspect, for myself, that is the foundation of any new work. There are times when one, after realizing the effect bias has on Civil War era histories, may have concerns about missing or discarded profoundly helpful lessons overlooked in favor of casting other light. Should not avoiding repeating past mistakes be history's primary goal? Or avoiding "reinventing the wheel" while people suffer? Unfortunately, the US military did reinvent the system of emergency evacuation of wounded during the First World War because the post Civil War draw-down forgot Dr. Jonathan Letterman's groundbreaking work. Let us remember these important lessons for the future.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Circa 1902 at the Int. Red Cross Conference (age 80!)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of commons.wikipedia.org</span></div>
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Remembering Clara Barton is an important step to avoiding some of the pain and trauma that accompanies catastrophic events. Exploring Barton's life and experiences may inspire many great values and actions such as courage, self-reliance, determination, compassion and tolerance. As for myself, I know I can use more of those things, it seems unimaginable to have enough of any of them. Anyone interested in learning more may come to an informal study being held at the Missing Soldiers Office site next Monday, Jan. 13th at 6:30pm. A few lifetime learners will be discussing Stephen Oates' book <em>A Woman of Valor</em> at that time.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-4968829018186814162014-01-06T13:04:00.000-05:002014-01-06T13:04:30.474-05:00Highlighting Barton's WorkClara Barton is an American Icon because of some extraordinary achievements made during her lifetime. They were the result of hard work, but primarily born from determination and perseverence. We can separate her work into several areas from her overall role as a pioneering American woman, primarily:<br />
<br />
Humanitarianism<br />
Educator<br />
International Relief Organizer<br />
Champion of Human Rights<br />
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As a Humanitarian, Barton believed in public service and fulfilling the needs of victims of war and natural disasters. While her focus evolved through the American Civil War, she recognized the needs of other victims while participating in the Franco-Prussian War and reacted to the requests for assistance after man-made and natural disasters. Once she realized her calling in organizing and delivering aid to those in need, her expansion from military to civilian based work became obvious. Barton used the expansion to convince the U.S. government that a disaster relief organization was in America's best interests. Thousands of relief organizations exist due to her international leadership in promoting relief activities.<br />
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As an Educator, Barton believed that people could best help themselves through a good education. She championed education through a long teaching career, and her establishment of the first public school in Bordentown, NJ. After establishing the American Red Cross, she lobbied within the organization for first aid education. After its rejection and her resignation from the ARC, she established a non-profit organization, the National First Aid Association of America, to meet the need. Later absorbed by the ARC, it is a requirement for many public servants and volunteers across the United States today.<br />
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As an International Relief Organizer, Barton assisted in saving lives through the support of the military medical system during the American Civil War, the International Red Cross (IRC) during the Franco-Prussian War, and her participation as American diplomat in several Geneva Conventions in the late nineteenth century. She introduced and lobbied for what became known as the "American Amendment" of the Geneva Convention expanding the IRC's mission to include non-military disasters. Barton herself traveled to war-torn countries to provide relief to starving and/or homeless refugees, ignoring societal norms of prejudice aimed at minority groups. She believed that refugees should not be given free aid beyond temporary food and shelter, but given the means to help themselves. Barton accomplished this in Europe by developing a clothing manufacture through skillless refugee women that ultimately stimulated their economy, taught the refugees a trade, and clothed needy families.<br />
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As a Champion of Human Rights, Barton ensured the inclusion of all victims of social injustice when delivering aid to the needy. She believed in, as she said, "a hand up not a hand out." During the American Civil War, she often advocated for the fair and equal treatment of the wounded, without regard to creed or race. During one incident, she went so far as to abandon the field to return to Washington, wake and report the circumstances to her friend and patron, Senator Henry Wilson, and inspire him to immediate action! On several occasions during the War, she cheerfully worked around established protocol to assist those in dire straits, significantly improving victims chances of survival and quality of life.<br />
<br />
Barton also advocated for equal citizenship regardless or race or gender. She felt that anyone who contributed to society should have a voice in government. Not only a life-long women's suffragist, she championed suffrage for African-American men and made that a priority, alienating some friends. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-40500681667319883892013-12-05T12:43:00.000-05:002013-12-05T12:43:22.698-05:00Christmas in Washington - Civil War StylePlease pardon my recent negligence - the team at the National Museum of Civil War Medicine is working feverishly to build the exhibits for the new Missing Soldiers Office Museum and I recently spoke at the Historical Society of Washington's Historical Studies Conference on a different subject, which garnered a great deal of last minute preparation. My frenzied activities reminded me of an old saying..."Be careful what you wish for..."! Nevertheless, back to Miss Barton.<br />
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Clara Barton spent several years in Washington during Christmas, which also happened to be her birthday. My impression from reading diaries and letters is that although she did not dislike the holiday, it wasn't very exciting to her, at least as an adult. Of course, the Civil War era was quite stressful under the best of circumstances and her committment and frustration working to establishing a national humanitarian relief organization also took a toll on her emotions. I regret to say that I have not had time to delve deeply into her later years - I've seen some Christmas cards from her that were quite nice in the early twentieth century. <br />
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Description of Washington, December 9, 1861</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
The streets are thronged with men bright with tinsel, and
the clattering hoofs of galloping horses sound continually in our ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The weather is bright and warm as May, for
which blessing I feel hourly to thank the great Giver of all good gifts, that
upon this vast army lying like so many thousand herds of cattle on every side
of our bright, beleaguered city, with only the soil, for which they peril life,
beneath, and the single threads of white canvas above, watching like so many
faithful dogs, held by bonds stronger than death, yet patient and
uncomplaining.”</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihTLVsN6sl704IQ1Rp3Pef9VYsxddkZ1a0mpAm7gkWIgeoP6FYDCtKL24TftGdKo5S1w7zP4U7lDwda0fOlnOLGWMKJVOCce-gnyMEOjunxI1n30cRTIiQ_qUkAH_Ci9lDZvcOpvsUBPlf/s1600/nast-christmas-1863.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihTLVsN6sl704IQ1Rp3Pef9VYsxddkZ1a0mpAm7gkWIgeoP6FYDCtKL24TftGdKo5S1w7zP4U7lDwda0fOlnOLGWMKJVOCce-gnyMEOjunxI1n30cRTIiQ_qUkAH_Ci9lDZvcOpvsUBPlf/s1600/nast-christmas-1863.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Nast engraving for Harper's Weekly 1863 - a personal favorite</td></tr>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Letter written December 24, 1861, “…to relate of our big city, grown up
so strangely like a gourd all in a night; places which never before dreamed of
being honored by an inhabitant save dogs, cats, and rats, are converted into ‘elegantly
furnished rooms for rent,’ and people actually live in them with all the city
airs of people really living in respectable houses, and I suspect many of them
do not know that they are positively living in sheds, but we, who know
perfectly we what shelters them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well,
the present aspect of our capital is a wide fruitful field for description…’</span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIGuJeT3FlYkGuIgFYhCGNAPXUIky00xg2jhBFfN2jeLV_XtaLBs5KZwXxvTcAtHMHtkBGfROFntFs8z5Ggbf0cP9eE_P4TE7YepWgLInO8bTSRbaw2WuewMnlKg7Kr23A_tC4pPtvcbnF/s1600/Nash_Santa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIGuJeT3FlYkGuIgFYhCGNAPXUIky00xg2jhBFfN2jeLV_XtaLBs5KZwXxvTcAtHMHtkBGfROFntFs8z5Ggbf0cP9eE_P4TE7YepWgLInO8bTSRbaw2WuewMnlKg7Kr23A_tC4pPtvcbnF/s200/Nash_Santa.jpg" width="142" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early Santa by Thomas Nast <br />
Greatly influenced Santa's iconic image in the US</td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-7071617172885745042013-11-07T12:29:00.002-05:002013-11-07T12:29:49.297-05:00The High Road's A Hard Road To TravelDear Reader,<br />
<br />
How is that for a nineteenth century title? Not long enough? How do you like <em>The High Road's A Hard Road To Travel, or Courage Can Be A Scary Thing</em>? One of the idiosyncrasies of nineteenth century literature that amuses me most are those practically paragraphical titles.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Cover of a book on the history of the Washington Artillery of New Orleans</span></div>
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I hope this post finds you well. I have a confession to make. Regretfully, the other day I failed to take the high road, courage escaped me, or in reality, I rejected it. While walking to work everyday, I pass two gentlemen who post themselves along the road. Without fail, one wishes me a great day, the other tips his hat and greets with a smile. Many folks I know would scoff at these men, one holds a cup out for change, the other is selling his self-published books. What separates them from others is their offered kindness. Although their needs are obvious, they do not press them, they offer well-wishes first and foremost.<br />
<br />
The issue at hand is that I saw the former the other morning and he looked somewhat upset. He was not at his normal post but may have been in route to it. He was walking rather quickly, and did not see me as he passed. It was cold and overcast, I thought I should ask him if he needed some kind of assistance, but I passed and went on to the office. Later, on the way home, the pangs of guilt began to gnaw at my conscience.<br />
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One friend I have lives by a newly appointed golden rule: What Would Clara Do? It seems quite likely she would have taken a much more elevated path and asked the gentleman if she could relieve his upset. I suspect she would also likely take me to task for passing on an opportunity to help my fellow man. She would be right, of course. It is one of the characteristics of her I admire the most.<br />
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The High Road is indeed a very difficult one. It is inconvenient, sometimes painful, under the most important circumstances frightening and even dangerous. I watched a segment on the news of a consultant giving advice about how to avoid being killed in a situation like the recent mall attack where terrorists killed random shoppers. The advice was to run. Run as fast as you can and get away or hide. There was no mention of how to get help, help others or best practices in stopping the predators. Where would society be if everyone took this to heart? If there was no Clara Barton?<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Still going strong at age 75</span></div>
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It seems to me that is why Clara Barton is a legitimate and important character to study, promote and emulate. Her courage to take the high road should be promoted above her physical features, ability to entertain, physical agility, or even business skills and acumen. Clara Barton stood up for civil rights, humanity and universal prosperity when others asked what they could do for themselves. She was selfless, often pushing her physical being to absolute and long-term collapse rather than take the easy road.<br />
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This post is my penance for taking the easy road. I hearby resolve to elevate my path to serve others. I hope this confession may inspire one of my dear readers to do the same. I challenge you to redeploy random acts of kindness, and remember how sad the world would be without heroes and role models of the likes of one selfless woman, Clara Barton.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-35806277080283134032013-10-28T14:13:00.001-04:002013-10-30T12:13:46.999-04:00Clara Barton and NursingRiding into work today, I started thinking (dangerous, I know) about some conversation and my work yesterday in our main office in Frederick, MD. We were discussing unique merchandising ideas for the Missing Soldiers Office and one particular idea is t-shirts with Barton attributes screen-printed on the front. We discussed how interesting it might be to see which attribute is most popular with visitors. Nurse, I think, will be tops because nurses seem to be most enthusiastic as a group towards Barton, but Barton did not want to be remembered for nursing. That led me to consider what lasting contributions Barton made to the profession. <br />
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Ability. It seems to me that what Barton contributed most was woman's ability to seriously contribute to the profession. Most men and women, besides believing it unseemly to care for a strange man, also believed women weren't capable of the mental and physical aptitude required in medical care. Barton not only showed women were capable in nursing, she also proved women could work as well as men if not better on the extremely stressful conditions of an active battlefield. Working under fire at the Battle of Antietam, her first experience in the heat of battle, she outlasted the assistant surgeons, hospital stewards and many of the surgeons, all the while suffering from symptoms she thought to be typhoid fever. Her work went well beyond feeding, reading and writing for and other bedside care limiting nurses in long term hospitals. Barton performed first aid, triage and sometimes transported patients from the field under fire.<br />
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Professionalism. At the beginning of the war, Barton stated that she struggled with the propriety of a woman assisting unrelated men. She expressed her concerns to her father, on his deathbed, and he advised her that if she acted professionally they would respect her. Putting her fears aside to fill the great need, Barton found that her father was correct. She treated her patients with respect and compassion, and they returned the favor. Barton impressed the most important men - those who could give her access to the battlefield. From her return from the Battle of Antietam until his tenure of Surgeon General ended, Barton did not have to beg William Hammond for passes to the field, he asked her to go and gave her transportation. Barton enabled Hammond to circumvent the antiquated military system and get supplies to the field in a more timely manner. She also respected the chain of command, requesting permission to work from the appropriate authorities, and arguing with beligerent men before going over their head. Barton garnered cooperation at the appropriate level. I know of only one exception and it involved timely care.<br />
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Barton's work as a nurse, along with several other capable women, led to the eventual establishment of women as nurses after the War. Unfortunately, society pressed to reestablish former spheres of roles for women and men just after the war ended, but progressive Americans established nursing schools for women, which Barton fully supported. As a famous humanitarian and civil rights advocate, Barton spoke at several commencement ceremonies urging women to demand acceptance and respect. According to minoritynurse.com, over 90% of nurses today are women. Barton received many requests for support from what we call today "special interest groups" and she was honest about her priorities and ability to help her favorite causes. While she turned down active rolls in several, she did make women in the nursing profession a priority. I believe she would be very proud of how women have taken the challenge and proven her confidence and expectations to be correct.<br />
<br />
Thank you to all those who serve as nurses, past and future!<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-77411793050127127862013-10-15T13:28:00.001-04:002013-10-17T15:42:22.016-04:00The More Things Change...I went to the Senate accomplished nothing as usual. <br />
--Clara Barton in her diary, Monday, January 30, 1865<br />
<br />
With the Shutdown still bogging down Congress with little hope in sight, I am amused today reading an earlier diary entry from Miss Barton which echoes, I believe today's sentiments regarding our Government in Washington...<br />
<br />
<em></em><br />
<em><blockquote class="tr_bq">
Thursday, April 14, 1864</blockquote>
</em><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This was one of the most down-spirited days that ever came to me. All the world appeared selfish and treacherous. I can get no hold on a good noble sentiment <em>anywhere</em>. I have scanned over and over the whole moral horizon and it is all dark, the night clouds seem to have shut down, so stagnant, so dead, so selfish, so calculating. Is there no right? Are there no consequences attending wrong? How shall the world move on in all this weight of dead, morbid meanness? Shall lies prevail forevermore? Look at the state of things, both civil and military, that curse our Government. The pompous air with which little dishonest pimps lord it over their betters. Contractors ruining the Nation, and oppressing the poor, and no one rebukes them. See a monkey-faced official, not twenty rods from me, oppressing and degrading poor women who come up to his stall to feed their children, that he may steal with better grace and show to the Government how much his economy saves it each month. Poor blind Government never feels inside his pockets, pouching with ill-gotten gain, heavy with sin. His whole department know it, but it might not be quite <em>wise</em> for them to speak -- they will tell it freely enough, but will not, dare not affirm it --COWARDS! Congress knows it, but no one can see that it will make votes for him at home by meddling with it, so it is winked at. The Cabinet know it, but people that live in glass houses must not throw stones. So it rests, and the women live lighter and <em>sink lower</em>, God help them. And next an imbitious dishonest General lays a political plot to be executed with human life. He is to create a Senator, some memberships, a Governor, commissions, and all the various offices of a state, and the grateful recipients are to repay the favor by gaining for him his confirmation as Major-General. So the poor rank and file are marched out to do the job, a leader is selected known to be <em>brave</em> and rashness if need be, and given the command in the dark, that he may never be able to claim any portion of the glory -- so that he cannot say <em>I</em> did it. Doomed and he knows it, he is sent on, remonstrates, comes back and explains, if left alone with the responsibility on his shoulders, forces divided, animals starving, men suffering, enemy massing in front, and still there he is. Suddenly he is attacked, defeated as he expected he must be, and the world is shocked by the tales of his rashness and procedure contrary to orders. He cannot speak; he is a subordinate officer and must remain silent; the thousands with him know it, but<em> they</em> must not speak; Congress does <em>not</em> know it, and refuses to be informed; and the doomed one is condemned and the guilty one asks for his reward, and the admiring world claims it for him. He has had a battle and<em> only lost</em> two thousand men and gained nothing. Surely, this deserved something. And still the world moves on. No wonder it looks dark, though, to those who do not wear the tinsel. And so my day has been weary with these thoughts, and my heart heavy and I cannot raise it -- I doubt the justice of <em>almost</em> all I see.</blockquote>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Evening. At eight Mr. [Senator Henry] Wilson called. I asked him if the investigation was closed. He replied yes, and that General Seymour would leave the Department in disgrace. This was too much for my fretted soul, and I poured out the vials of my indignation in no stinted measure. I told him the facts, and what I thought of a Committee that was too imbecile to listen to the truth when it was presented to them; that they had made themselves a laughing-stock for even the privates in the service by their stupendous inactivity and gullibility; that they were all a set of dupes, not to say knaves, for I knew Gray of New York had been on using all his blarney with them that was possible to wipe over them. When I had freed my mind, and it was some time, he looked amazed and called for a written statement. He left. I was anxious to possess myself of the most reliable facts in existence and decide to go to New York and see Colonel Hall and Dr. Marsh again; make my toilet ready, write some letters, and at three o'clock retired.</blockquote>
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<br />
I can only imagine Senator Wilson's amazement, and I'm even more amazed that <em>he</em> suffered Miss Barton's rants as well as he did and even came back for more. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-35310560551606774662013-10-02T15:09:00.003-04:002013-10-17T15:38:07.962-04:00Fall, 1863Last year, a college approached me about coming to speak this past spring about Clara Barton's experience at the Battle of Gettysburg. I felt bad in having to inform the caller that Miss Barton was not at the battle. She had gone to South Carolina, where her brother David received orders for duty after Senator Henry Wilson applied for a commission to make him a Captain in the quartermaster department, in hopes he could help his sister in the field. Mr. Barton received the commission, but not an assignment to Miss Barton's favorite army - the Army of the Potomac. He received orders for the Army of the South, headquartered at Morris Island, SC. <br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Capt. David Barton, Clara Barton's older brother</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of the Clara Barton Birthplace Museum</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
While Miss Barton missed the Gettysburg Campaign, she was present and working for the Siege of Charleston and attack on Fort Wagner made famous in the movie <em>Glory</em>. After the attack she became very ill and neglected both her diary and letter writing for some time. Just when I thought I'd begin posting her diary entries I found that none were available. Before she became ill, however, she did write some letters, a few are quite interesting. She wrote the following in her diary after a social event,<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
I moved along to the farther end of the piazza and found Mrs. D., who soon made known to me the subject of her desires. As I suspected, the matter was hospitals. She has been visiting the hospital at this place and has become not only interested, but excited upon the subject; the clothing department she finds satisfactory, but the storeroom appears empty and a sameness prevailing through food as provided which seems to her appalling for a diet for sick men. She states that they have no delicacies such as the country at the North are flooding hospitals with; that the food is all badly cooked, served cold, and always the same thing -- dip toast, meat cooked dry, and tea without milk, perhaps once a week a potato for each man, or a baked apple. She proposed to establish a kitchen department for the serving of proper food to these men, irrespective of the pleasure of the "Powers that Be." She expects opposition from the surgeons in charge and Mrs. Russell, the matron appointed and stationed by Miss Dix, but thinks to commence by littles and work herself in in spite of opposition, or make report direct to Washington through Judge Holt, and other influential friends and obtain a <em>carte blanche</em> from Secretary Stanton to act independetly of all parties. She wished to know if I thought it would be possible to procure supplies sufficient to carry on such a plan, and people to cook and serve if it were once established and directed properly. She had just mailed a letter to Miss Dame calling upon her to stir people at the North and make a move if possible in the right direction. She said General Gillmore took tea with her the evening previous and inquired with much feeling, <em>"How are my poor boys?"</em> She desired me to attend church at the hospital to-morrow (Sunday) morning; not with her, but go, pass through, and judge for myself. In the meantime the Major came in and the subject was discussed generally. I listened attentively, gave it as my opinion that there would be no difficulty in obtaining supplies and means of paying for the <em>preparation</em> of them, but of the manner and feasibility of delivering and distributing them among the patients I said nothing.<em> I had nothing to say</em>. I partly promised to attend church the next morning, and retired having said very little. What I have <em>thought</em> is quite another thing. I have no doubt but the patients lack many luxuries which the country at large endeavors to supply them with, and supposes they have, no doubt; but men suffer and die for the lack of the nursing and provisions of the loved ones at home. No doubt but the stately, stupendous, and magnificent indolence of the "officers in charge" embitters the days of the poor sufferers who have become mere machines in the hands of the Government to be ruled and oppressed by puffed-up, conceited, and self-sufficient superiors in postion. No doubt but a good, well-regulated kitchen, presided over with a little good common sense and womanly care, would change the whole aspect of things and lengthen the days of some, and brighten the last days of others of the poor sufferers within the thin wall of this hospital. I wish it might be, but what can <em>I</em> do? First it is not <em>my</em> province; I should be out of place there; next, Miss Dix is supreme, and her appointed nurse is matron; next, the surgeons will not brook any interference, and will, in my opinion, resent and resist the smallest effort to break over their won arrangements. What <em>others</em> may be able to do I am unable to conjecture, but I feel that <em>my</em> guns are effectually silenced. My sympathy is not destroyed, by any means, but my <em>confidence</em> in my ability to accomplish anything of an alleviating character in <em>this</em> department is completely annihilated. I <em>went</em> with all I had, to work where I thought I saw greatest need. A man can <em>have</em> no greater need than to be saved from death, and after six weeks of unremitting toil I was driven from my own tents by the selfish <em>cupidity</em> or <em>stupidity</em> of a pompous staff surgeon with a little accidental temporary authority, and I by the means thrown upon a couch of sickness, from which I barely escaped with my life. After four weeks of suffering most intense, I rose in my weakness and repaired again to my post, and scarcely were my labors recommenced when, through the <em>same</em> influence or <em>no</em> influence brought to bear upon the General Commanding, I was made the subject of a general order, and commanded to leave the island, giving me three hours in which to pack, remove, and ship four tons of supplies with no assistance that <em>they</em> knew of but one old female negro cook. I complied, but was remanded to <em>Beaufort</em> to labor in the hospitals there. With this portion of the "order" I failed to comply, and went home to Hilton Head and wrote the Commanding General a full explanation of my position, intention, proposed labors, etc., etc., which brought a rather sharp response, calling my humanity to account for not being willing to comply with his specified request, viz. to labor in Beaufort hospitals; insisting upon the plan as gravely as if it had been a possibility to be accomplished. But for the extreme ludicrousness of the thing I should have felt hurt at the bare thought of such a charge against <em>me</em> and from such a quarter. The hospitals were supplied by the Sanitary Commission, Miss Dix holding supremacy over all female attendants by authority from Washington, Mrs. Lander <em>claiming</em>, and endeavoring to enforce the same, and scandalizing through the Press -- each hospital labeled, <em>No Admittance</em>, and its surgeons bristling like procupines at the bare sight of a proposed visitor. How in reason's name was I "to labor there"? Should I prepare my food and thrust it against the outer walls, in the hope it might strengthen the patients inside? Should I tie up my bundle of clothing and creep up and deposit it on the door-step and slink away like a guilty mother, and watch afar off to see if the master of the mansion would accept or reject the "foundling"? If the Commanding General in his wisdom, when he assumed the direction of my affairs, and commanded me <em>where</em> to labor, had opened the doors for me to enter, and the idea would have <em>seemed</em> more practical. It did not occur to me at the moment how I was to effect an entrance to these hospitals, but I have since thought that I might have been <em>expected</em> to watch my opportunity some <em>dark night</em>, and STORM them, although it must be confessed that the popularity of this mode of attack was rather on the decline in this department at that time, having reached its height very soon after the middle of July.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Storming of Fort Wagner by Allison and Kurz</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of wikimedia.org</span></div>
</blockquote>
Barton was profoundly disappointed with Gillmore's lack of appreciation and understanding of her work, returning to Washington in January, 1864. While transcribing this entry from Barton's cousin's biography of the extraordinary American woman, I realized there are many parallels to current events within our government. Can you see them, too?<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-83372708643119813382013-09-23T08:23:00.002-04:002013-09-23T08:24:42.598-04:00A Woman of Valor - Discussion Group MeetingMost of you know that I am working on a museum project - Clara Barton's Missing Soldiers Office (MSO) - at 437 Seventh Street Northwest in Washington DC. The project is progressing wonderfully and the preservation/conservation work should be completed sometime this fall. With that in mind, several friends have begun the process of filling up on available material on Miss Barton, and asked if it weren't possible to start a "Book Social" to discuss said materials and digest different perspectives. <br />
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<br />
<br />
Everyone is invited to attend the Social meetings beginning in the first or second week of October. I may hold an additional meeting on a weekend. At the initial meeting we will discuss the first chapter of Stephen C. Oates work <em>A Woman of Valor: Clara Barton and the Civil War</em>. It is required reading for anyone conducting tours of the MSO. It is available in our book/gift shop at all three locations. All interested should email me at <a href="mailto:clarabarton@civilwarmed.org">clarabarton<complete id="goog_1659397044">@civilwarmed.org</complete></a> and include when/where is the best time and place to meet for their schedule. All those who RSVP will receive an email invitation with a proposed date and time. <br />
<br />
I hope to see you there!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-61322391128832265942013-09-12T10:46:00.000-04:002013-09-12T10:46:31.355-04:00Barton Hall of Fame Nominee Lucretia Mott<br />
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Clara Barton nominated Mrs. Mott for the American Women’s
Hall of Fame in 1910.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Mrs. Mott also
hailed from Massachusetts, born in 1793 and lived to be 87 years old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Quaker, she attended Nine Partners Quaker Boarding School in
a community now called Millbrook, New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After graduation she
remained at the school as a teacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
married colleague James Mott in 1811 and together they had six children, all
but one grew up to be active social reformers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The family resided in Philadelphia, where Mrs. Mott became a Quaker
minister and influential speaker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
and her husband helped form several abolitionist societies in the late 1830s,
making them targets of anti-abolitionist mobs.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lucretia Mott, date unknown</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of womenshistory.about.com</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Mott met Elizabeth Cady Stanton in London, England while
attending the World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in June 1840.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frustrated by their inability to vote,
together they held the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY in
1848.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">To promote abolition in the 1840s, Mott spent time lecturing all over the country including the South.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In </span>Washington D. C., <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN">40 Congressmen attended Mott’s lecture,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>made to coincide with their return from Christmas </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">recess. After her speech President John Tyler </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">commented to her that he, "would
like to hand [pro-slavery Senator]…Calhoun over to you.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although a prolific speaker, Mott rarely
wrote down her speeches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She did publish two,
<em>A Sermon To Medical Students</em> in 1849 and <em>Discourse on Woman</em> in 1850.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Composite of Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of sheshistory.com</span> </div>
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In 1864, Mott and a group of Hicksite Quakers founded Swarthmore
College in suburban Philadelphia which is still a leading American liberal-arts
institution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1866, she joined forces
with E.C. Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone Blackwell to establish the <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">American Equal Rights Association.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elected the Association’s first president,
the group leadership disagreed about priorities, compelling Mott to resign in
1868.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Lucretia Mott
died at her home “<a href="http://www.historic-lamott-pa.com/content/themotts/roadside.cfm#" target="_blank">Roadside</a>” in Cheltenham outside of Philadelphia in 1880 after
a long successful career as a significant abolitionist and women’s rights
leader.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of Historic LaMott, PA</span></div>
<o:p></o:p> </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-56853387816472993572013-08-26T12:51:00.001-04:002013-08-27T08:54:20.145-04:00Women's Suffrage SpeechToday is the ninety-third anniversary of the passage of women's suffrage by Congress. Miss Barton gave this speech on Suffrage, time and place unknown. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
I believe I must have been born believing in the full right
of women to all the privileges and positions which nature and justice accord to
her in common with other human beings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Perfectly equal rights—human rights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was never any question in my mind in regard to this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I did not purchase my freedom with a price; I
was born free; and when, as a younger woman I heard the subject discussed, it
seemed simply ridiculous that any sensible, sane person should question
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when, later, the phase of
woman’s right to suffrage came up it was to me only a part of the whole, just
as natural, just as right, and just as certain to take place.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
And whenever I have been urged, as a petitioner, to ask for
this privilege for woman, a kind of dazed, bewildered feeling has come over me.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Of whom should I ask this privilege?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who possessed the right to confer it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who had greater right than woman
herself?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was it man, and if so, where
did he get it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who conferred it upon
him?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He depended upon woman for his
being, his very existence, nurture and rearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>More fitting that she should have conferred it upon him.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Was it governments?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What were they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but the voice of
the people?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What gave them that
power?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was it divinely conferred?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alas! No; or they would have been better,
purer, more just and stable.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Was it force of arms—war?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Who furnished the warriors?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who
but the mothers?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who reared their sons
and taught them that liberty and their country were worth their blood?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who gave them up, wept their fall, nursed
them in suffering and mourned them dead?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Was it labor?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Women
have always, as a rule, worked harder then men.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Was it capital?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Woman
has furnished her share up to the present hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Who then, can give the right, and on what basis?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who can withhold it?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
In regard to my nationality, I was born in the old Huguenot
town of Oxford, Mass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My father and
mother were born there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My grandfathers
and grandmothers, with two exceptions, were born, lived, died and were buried
there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
There is, once in a while a monarch who denies the right of
man to place a crown upon his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only
the great Jehovah can crown and anoint him for his work, and he reaches out,
takes the crown, and placed it upon his head with his own hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suspect that this is in effect what woman
is doing today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Virtually there is no
one to give her the right to govern herself, as men govern themselves by self-made
and self-approved laws of the land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
in one way or another, sooner or later, she is coming to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the number of thoughtful and rightminded
men who will oppose, will be much smaller than we think and when it is really
an accomplished fact all will wonder, as I have done, what the objection ever
was.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
Transcribed from a newspaper clipping at:<br />
<a href="http://digitum.washingtonhistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/womens/id/424/rec/18">http://digitum.washingtonhistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/womens/id/424/rec/18</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-42357440482143096452013-08-08T14:56:00.002-04:002013-09-23T08:50:02.793-04:00Clara Barton’s Top Eight American Women<br />
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In 1910, the New York World asked Barton to nominate her
top eight American women for a Woman’s Hall of Fame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She chose the following:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Abigail Adams</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Lucretia Mott</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Lucy Stone Blackwell</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Harriet Beecher Stowe</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Frances Dana Gage</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Maria Mitchell</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Dorothea Dix</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Mary A. Bickerdyke<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Over the following weeks, I hope to report on the work
each of these women accomplished to earn a place in Barton’s most admired
list.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be interesting to see how these
women compare and contrast, which begs the question, who would Barton nominate
from the women who achieved great things after Barton’s death?<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Our first nominee is (Mrs John) Abigail Adams. <br />
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBoOlhHQyxsg6mhLUSkE6kgkQROtV-Gin8bGUDRspgQOxK2UVJqdbfUn7pYEm3O8U_N3ZdvTl7I6oTr6x_rJQmFkPhzs7S3f__MvIT-T4HhESYnbJe_CgUxUMTfGeiDtFSO08-grTPwm0k/s1600/abigailadams_blyth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBoOlhHQyxsg6mhLUSkE6kgkQROtV-Gin8bGUDRspgQOxK2UVJqdbfUn7pYEm3O8U_N3ZdvTl7I6oTr6x_rJQmFkPhzs7S3f__MvIT-T4HhESYnbJe_CgUxUMTfGeiDtFSO08-grTPwm0k/s320/abigailadams_blyth.jpg" width="255" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Photo courtesy of
masshist.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
Born Abigail Smith in 1744 at Weymouth, Massachusetts,
she died in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1818.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Her husband, John, was the second President of the United States and her
son, John Quincy was the sixth President of the US.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Best known for her published letters to and
from her husband advocating for women’s rights and giving insightful advice as
his confidante, Abigail raised their six children and managed the family farm
largely in his absence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
During the organization of the nation, Adams wrote her
husband, </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them
than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the
Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care
and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a
Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no
voice, or Representation.</span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And her husband replied,</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">As
to your extraordinary code of laws, I cannot but laugh. We have been told that
our struggle has loosened the bonds of government everywhere; that children and
apprentices were </span>disobedient; that schools and colleges were grown
turbulent; that Indians slighted their<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> guardians, and negroes grew insolent
to their masters. But your letter was the first intimation that another tribe,
more numerous and powerful than all the rest, were grown discontented.– This is
rather too coarse a Compliment but you are so saucy, I won’t blot it out. Depend
upon it, we know better than to repeal our masculine systems. Although they are
in </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">full
force, you know they are little more than theory. We dare not exert our power
in its full latitude. We are obliged to go fair and softly, and, in practice, you
know we are the subjects. We have only the name of masters, and rather than
give up this, which would completely subject us to the despotism of the petticoat,
I hope General Washington and all our brave heroes would fight; I am sure every
good politician would plot, as long as he would against despotism, empire, monarchy,
aristocracy, oligarchy, or ochlocracy.**</span></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhriK9f8o0TwLw9tTgm_lCq8axDI_o2XNjN3F4G0AYR7wn6RxtzTtWruMvY3ftuTx6vGVCRvBv-qcx5QdlsHvG6DvXpNeRWspCb-p6xVUf9fPZ9MheGuH_nyYRc9CMq-VhlzvzVxJpPEWro/s1600/wickedlocalAdams.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhriK9f8o0TwLw9tTgm_lCq8axDI_o2XNjN3F4G0AYR7wn6RxtzTtWruMvY3ftuTx6vGVCRvBv-qcx5QdlsHvG6DvXpNeRWspCb-p6xVUf9fPZ9MheGuH_nyYRc9CMq-VhlzvzVxJpPEWro/s1600/wickedlocalAdams.jpg" /></a></div>
</span><br /></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">The Adams’ during his
Presidency</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Photo courtesy of
wickedlocals.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
A friend of Martha Washington, she assisted in conducting
parties at the Executive Mansion in Philadelphia, and moved into the White
House as first lady during its construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 162pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 258.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"></v:shape></span><br />
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkdPmfkq-nLcarik7Z6Q9HNAOcQhKI-NGtJGSF-U8GeCDlq5bFYhYhQyL-AdsnO__xH25FTObig-dHnC4oCweVsqHw1NNsk264zD5pq6qH3Z5BpewoSe4DH0KgpxFOPzioAH_zNM-IBjJ/s1600/abigail-adams--1401.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkdPmfkq-nLcarik7Z6Q9HNAOcQhKI-NGtJGSF-U8GeCDlq5bFYhYhQyL-AdsnO__xH25FTObig-dHnC4oCweVsqHw1NNsk264zD5pq6qH3Z5BpewoSe4DH0KgpxFOPzioAH_zNM-IBjJ/s1600/abigail-adams--1401.jpg" /></a></div>
</span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">An
older Abigail Adams, while First Lady, 1797-1801</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Photo
courtesy of rightwords.eu</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
One of the most interesting remarks found on the internet
was that she did not attend school, as if that damaged the quality of her
education.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During her lifetime girls
generally did not receive an education, but considering the remarkable
handwriting and thoughtfulness of her ideas, it seems obvious that a good
education could be found outside of school, and in fact can still be found that
way today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
** <a href="http://www.historytools.org/sources/Abigail-John-Letters.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.historytools.org/sources/Abigail-John-Letters.pdf</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-43782304736286243422013-08-02T16:21:00.000-04:002013-08-02T16:21:31.997-04:00A New Chord Was Struck
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
To give my readers and idea about Clara Barton’s life in
Washington during the war, I will transcribe a letter to her cousin Annie from
Port Royal, Virginia, May 28<sup>th</sup> 1863 thanking her for a box sent
while she was in Fredericksburg after the battle assisting the medical
department.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTOogxkQEiOWyCKKEd1z0XrDxXvN1M7kn_GLgR4P22510OuLhNYjXt440gxYZdtu9ipoYEDpDzc3svIt-zTJs7nIQ83DkqycKfN1EoLKwwQ_nIoCui3y_39MqGKSnc7ptf7upB0prpqGwP/s1600/BoFredericksburgWaud.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTOogxkQEiOWyCKKEd1z0XrDxXvN1M7kn_GLgR4P22510OuLhNYjXt440gxYZdtu9ipoYEDpDzc3svIt-zTJs7nIQ83DkqycKfN1EoLKwwQ_nIoCui3y_39MqGKSnc7ptf7upB0prpqGwP/s320/BoFredericksburgWaud.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Alfred Waud View of Fredericksburg, Virginia from Falmouth</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of the Library of Congress</span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
My Dear Annie:<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
I remember, four long months ago, one cold, dreary, windy
day, I dragged me out from a chilly street-car that had found me ankle-deep in
the mud of the 6<sup>th</sup> Street wharf, and up the slippery street and my
long flights of stairs into a room, cheerless, in confusion, and alone, looking
in most respects as I had left it some months before, with the exception of a
mysterious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">box</i> which stood unopened in
the middle of the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All things
looked strange to me, for in that few months I had taken in so much that yet I
had no clear views. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great artist had
been at work upon my brain and sketched it all over with life scenes, and death
scenes, never to be erased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fires of
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredericksburg</i> still blazed before my
eyes, and her cannon still thundered at my ear, while away down in the depths
of my heart I was smothering the groans and treasuring the prayers of her dead
and dying heroes; worn, weak, and heartsick, I was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">home from Fredericksburg</i>; and when, there, for the first time I
looked at myself, shoeless, gloveless, ragged, and blood-stained, a new sense
of desolation and pity and sympathy and weariness, all blended, swept over me
with irresistible force, and, perfectly overpowered, I sank down upon the strange
box, unquestioning its presence or import, and wept as I had never done since
the soft, hazy, winter night that saw our attacking guns silently stealing
their approach to the river, ready at the dawn to ring out the shout of death
to the waiting thousands at their wheels.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
I said I wept, and so I did, and gathered strength and calmness
and consciousness—and finally the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">strange
box</i>, which I had afforded me my <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">first
rest</i>, began to claim my attention; it was clearly and handsomely marked to
myself at Washington, and came by express—so much for the outside; and a few
pries with a hatchet, to hands as well accustomed as mine, soon made the inside
as visible, only for the neat paper which covered all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was doubtless something sent to some
soldier; pity I had not had it earlier—it might be too late now; he might be
past his wants or the kind remembrances of the loved ones at home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The while I was busy in removing careful
paper wrappings a letter, addressed to me, opened—“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">From friends in Oxford and Worcester</i>; -- no signature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mechanically I commenced lifting up, one
after another, hoods, shoes, boots, gloves, skirts, handkerchiefs, collars,
linen,--and that beautiful dress!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Look at
it, all made—who--! Ah, there is no mistaking the workmanship—Annie’s scissors
shaped and her skillful fingers fitted that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now, I begin to comprehend; while I had been away in the snows and
frosts and rains and mud of Falmouth, forgetting my friends, myself, to eat or
sleep or rest, forgetting everything but my God and the poor suffering victims
around me, these dear, kind friends, undismayed and not disheartened by the
great national calamity which had overtaken them, mourning, perhaps, the loss
of their own, had remembered <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">me</i>, and
with open hearts and willing hands had prepared this noble, thoughtful gift for
me at my return.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was too much, and
this time, burying my face in the dear tokens around me, I wept again as
heartily as before, but with very different sensations; a new chord was struck;
my labors, slight and imperfect as they had been, had been appreciated; I was
not alone; and then and there again I re-dedicated myself to my little work of
humanity, pledging before God all that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">have</i>,
all that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">am</i>, all that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i>, and all that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hope</i> to be, to the cause of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Justice</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mercy</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Patriotism</i>, my <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Country</i> and
my <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And cheered and sustained as I have been by
the kind remembrances of old friends, the cordial greeting of new ones, and the
tearful, grateful blessing of the thousands of noble martyrs to whose relief or
comfort it has been my blessed privilege to add my mite, I feel that my cup of
happiness is more than full.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an
untold privilege to have lived in this day when there is work to be done, and,
still more, to possess health and strength to do it, and most of all to feel
that I bear with me the kindly feelings and perhaps prayers of the noble
mothers and sisters who have sent sons and brothers to fight the battles of the
world in the armies of Freedom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Annie,
if it is not asking too much, now that I have gathered up resolution enough to
speak of the subject at all (for I have never been able to before), I would
like to know <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to whom</i> besides yourself
I am indebted for the beautiful and valuable gifts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is too tame and too little to say that I
am thankful for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You did not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">want that</i>, but I will say that, God
willing, I will <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yet wear them where none
of the noble donors would be ashamed to have them seen</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of those gifts shall yet see service if
Heaven spare my life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With thanks I am
the friend of my “Friends in Oxford and Worcester.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span>Clara
Barton<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-7504886324744514552013-07-25T10:56:00.000-04:002013-07-25T10:57:42.418-04:00A Lady to Her Fingertips Part II<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
My apologies for the tardiness of this week’s post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A recent discussion with my friend Mike
Hoffman regarding Barton’s principles of humanitarian service distracted
me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will write about that later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, where were we….oh yes, physical
descriptions of Clara Barton, Angel of the Battlefield.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
As in my last post, William Barton figures heavily with his
impression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrote, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
"…there was a clear-cut prominence of the chin that suggested
a firm decision and a tenacious purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She said to the writer, ‘Every true Barton knows how to possess an open
mind and teachable disposition with a firmness that can be obstinate if
necessary, and no one can be more obstinate than a Barton.’…She did not stare,
but she had a habit of fixing her eyes upon an object or a persona which did
not put arrogance or pretense at ease…ordinarily her look into one’s face was
gentle and companionable and sympathetic.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGdqywDyD_0wNtsV1ceCeR3y004f_xkC3RtXvHKDr1XR15ALTMrj1aebc63F82fxhtYqWdgwe3TR8TwwbxdYlquF-eWwBBOl_eiLJux3nLs3OE4vRFcYr3sdsFsyo8twkzk_1Df4lgAj3/s1600/Barton-1838.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGdqywDyD_0wNtsV1ceCeR3y004f_xkC3RtXvHKDr1XR15ALTMrj1aebc63F82fxhtYqWdgwe3TR8TwwbxdYlquF-eWwBBOl_eiLJux3nLs3OE4vRFcYr3sdsFsyo8twkzk_1Df4lgAj3/s320/Barton-1838.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Barton in 1838 (age 18)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
…She had an almost mobid shrinking from the infliction of
pain, or from the taking of life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
was not strictly a vegetarian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If she
was at another’s table and meat was offered her, she ate it sparingly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
…From her father…[she] inherited a spirit of broad
philanthropy and wide human interest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
her mother she inherited a warm heart and a very hot temper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was this temper that gave her
self-control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She kept it perfectly
under her bidding, and that lowered voice was the sign of mighty resolution and
smouldering passion under the control of a conquering will.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Barton at the end of the Civil War</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of the Library of Congress</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
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[She]…was a lifelong believer in woman’s suffrage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was a close friend and warm admirer of
Susan B. Anthony, and shared her aims and hopes for her sex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was never as militant an advocate of the
rights of women as Miss Anthony was, however.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Temperamentally she was of quite another disposition.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
…Much as she prized any kind of useful knowledge, she especially
admired the spirit of the pioneer, and honored the man who blazed new paths and
widened the horizons of learning….</div>
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While extremely modest, Clara Barton was far from being a
prude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was never terrified by
appeals to respectability, nor could she be frightened by any warning
concerning men or women whom gossip condemned.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
…Clara Barton worked slowly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>While she formed her decisions promptly in emergencies, she formulated
them carefully and with painful precision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was not by doing things easily she accomplished so much, but by
rising early and working late and keeping constantly at the thing she wanted to
do…</div>
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She coveted the ability to work more rapidly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She admired that ability, and perhaps
overvalued it, in others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Clara Barton was a self-willed woman…All the women who went
to the battle-front and were worth their carfare were women of strong
will….Clara Barton was a lady to her very fingertips; and she had had enough of
experience in Washington among officials and men of influence so that she knew
how on occasion to be much more diplomatic and gracious than most other women
with her responsibilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, she
shrank from giving pain, and was careful of her words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But she had as strong a will as Florence
Nightingale, and, while she was as a rule more amiable than that lady in her
more violent moods, she got things done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>People sometimes found her arbitrary, impatient, and obstinate; had she
been less so, it had gone hard with the interests which she cherished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was capable of being arbitrary,
impatient, and obstinate, and the same is true of each of the other women whom
her name calls to mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But among them
she was not the least gentle, considerate, and self-forgetful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She required that things should move, and
move in the direction of her decision; but she was at heart, and on most
occasions in her demeanor, quiet, gentle, affectionate, and calm…</div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of the Universalist-Herald</span></div>
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One time a friend of hers recalled to her a peculiarly cruel
thing that had been done to her some years previous, and Clara Barton did not
seem to understand what she was talking about. ‘Don’t you remember the wrong
that was done you?’ she was asked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thoughtfully and calmly she answered, ‘No; I distinctly remember
forgetting that.’…Only baseness and treachery and betrayal of trust won her
scorn…</div>
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She was modest in her dress, but she<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>had an eye for bright colors…she inclined to
green, which she loved to set off with red.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Red was her color, and she said, the Barton rose was the Red Rose, all
the way from the War of the Roses down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She loved red roses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She loved
red apples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She liked to wear red
ribbons and trimmings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a background
of green, red was always safe…</div>
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Something must be said about her habit of economy, and it
must be said with some care lest it give a very wrong impression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clara Barton was economical to a very marked
degree…If a valid distinction may be made between two words that are nearly
synonymous, she was parsimonious, but was not penurious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was raised in a community and in a family
where want was unknown, but where money was earned by hard work, and capital
was accumulated by thrift and economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was part of her birthright and of her being.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was about her nothing that inclined her
to waste or even extravagance….She economized in things she did not greatly
care for that she might do the things that were to her of supreme importance…</div>
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A strong individualist, she inspired in those who came to
know her well that perfect confidence and grateful devotion which are the
crowning test of leadership.</div>
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Clara Barton was a woman of tact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She needed all the tact she had and
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of Clara Barton </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">National Historic Site</span></div>
</div>
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She had little love of music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She did not sing or play any musical instrument.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When traveling abroad, if forced to attend
the opera, she saved the time from utter waste by writing a home letter while
singers of world-wide repute performed and sang before her.</div>
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…If Clara Barton did not care for music, she did dearly love
poetry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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…No quality in Clara Barton was more marked than the breadth
of her sympathies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She shuddered at the
thought of needless pain…She did not merely sympathize with suffering; she
suffered…Her sympathies were so strong that she would have been useless in the
presence of danger and pain but for her remarkable self-control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I asked her once how she acquired this, and
she said it was simply by forgetting herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She saw something that needed to be done, and went about the doing of it
so promptly, so completely absorbed by the necessity of it, that she forgot to
be horrified by the sight of blood, forgot to faint as timid females were
supposed to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Days and weeks and
months and years of it she would endure and never once give way…Again and again
she held herself in hand through nervous strain that would have crushed most
women or men, and when it was all over went nervously to pieces.”<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of JHU Press</span></div>
</div>
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My favorite description of Barton comes from her neighbor at
the Shaw Settlement, Mr. Horatio Taft, Esq., who rented a boarding room (most
likely #7 since he describes it as a room with windows in the front).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrote in his diary while staying there in
the spring of 1865 of Miss Barton, <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some females rode in
the Review yesterday and today who I was told had been "through the War.” <u>Some</u>
officers and soldiers wives and <u>some</u> "Daughters of the
Regiment," who had followed their Brothers or Fathers or husbands, and
shared their dangers, taking care of the wounded, and nursing the sick. One of
this <u>Class</u> I am acquainted with, but <u>she</u> left the Army of the
Potomac some three months ago, Miss <u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Clara</span></u>
<u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Barton</span></u> of Worcester Mass.
She has been known and called the "<u>Angel of</u> <u>the</u> <u>Battlefield</u>."
She was <u>in</u> Fredericksburgh during the terrible "Burnside
Battle" there having crossed the River on the Pontoon Bridge while the
Rebels were shelling it. She was there again last summer when the City was
filled with our wounded from the Battle fields of the "Wilderness."
She afterwards went with the Army to Petersburgh and administered to the wounded
in the field Hospitals being frequently under fire in carrying relief to the
Wounded on the field. I am told that she seemed on such occasions totally
insensible to danger. She is highly educated and refined, and few ladies ar[e]
as <u>inteligent</u> as <u>She</u> is.</span></div>
<br />
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The name of my blog is actually taken from an assessment of
Barton about herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She said that she
was not a woman with more than any ordinary courage. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I beg to differ!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barton was a woman of extraordinary courage
and true to the spirit of her day, strong enough to maintain and promote her
beliefs in order to make her fellow man’s life better, especially those in
need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What a world it would be if more
citizens prescribed to the values Barton held dear. <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-50234635748943485562013-07-12T12:10:00.001-04:002013-07-12T12:10:52.253-04:00A Lady to Her Fingertips<br />
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Clara Barton has had many biographies written to remember
her life, but in my opinion, the best is Clara Barton: Founder of the American
Red Cross, by Barton’s Cousin Rev. William E. Barton, an accomplished
author.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rev. Barton wrote this
biography, using a great deal of material quoted of Miss Barton’s, after her
realized Miss Barton’s authorized biography, Percy Epler, did not have access
to much of her many written documents, correspondence, and speech and book
manuscripts, and so the whole story did not unfold in his book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The biography Rev. Barton wrote is almost a
transcription of many of those documents accompanied with explanation and
remarks about Miss Barton, who as a family member, he had spent a great deal of
time visiting and conversing about “old-time” (as Miss Barton would say)
memories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The amount of quotations makes
the book seem almost more like the autobiography Miss Barton never wrote, as
her ever-busy schedule kept her from it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many of the remarks found in the book from family and friends
remembering Barton gives one a familial feeling as one receives sitting on the
lap of an older relative listening to stories like Miss Barton did while her
father recounted his experiences in the Federal-era Indian Wars that inspired
her.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Clara Barton in 1838<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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Rev. Barton wrote special sections at the end of his
two-volume work further describing this extraordinary woman and enabling us to
learn from her experiences to our benefit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>First, one will find several physical descriptions of Miss Barton,
including one she wrote to a friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next,
some of the characteristics that helped her persevere through the trials and
triumphs of her long life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This week I
will include physical remarks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rev.
Barton wrote,</div>
<br />
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At the beginning of her public
career, Clara Barton was short of stature and slender as she was short.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her form rounded out in middle life, but she
never exhibited any approach to stoutness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She was so well proportioned as to give the impression of being taller
than she was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When she spoke in public,
if she stood beside a presiding officer, it was seen that she was small of
stature, but when she stood alone, she gave the impression of being, and was
often described as being, above medium height.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Her maximum height, attained in adolescence, was five feet two inches in
moderately high-heeled shoes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The author
measured her in her later years, and she was exactly five feet tall without her
shoes. <o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">
Her carriage was erect, except for
a slight stoop in the shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
never came any sag in her person, any letting down of her erect standing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her spine below the shoulders was carried to
the end of her life as erect as in youth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As she stood or sat, she never had the bearing of an old person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When seated, she commonly kept her back well
away from the back of the chair, depending upon nothing external to assist her
in maintaining her erect bearing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">
She walked quietly, deliberately,
and flat-footedly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She put her whole
foot down at once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a certain
firmness in her gait which indicated strength of character and resolute
purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She did not dart or rush or
drift or flutter; she walked, and her walk was of moderate speed and of marked
decision.<o:p> </o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">
Her hair was brown and in her
younger days she had great wealth of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She took good care of it; and, while there was less of it in her later
years, it retained its fine texture, its soft silky wave, and its rich brown
color.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The writer asked her once if she
had a single gray hair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She replied that
she thought she had one, but had forgotten just where it was.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">
Her eyes were brown, and in some
lights appeared black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I find at least
one description of her as she appeared on the lecture platform in which she was
described as tall, with hair and eyes black as the raven’s wing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reporter is not to be blamed for his
departure from truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She looked tall
when she stood alone, and her eyes and hair appeared as he described them, when
seen in some lights.<o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">
Her features were regular.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her nose was prominent and strait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her mouth was large and very expressive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her features were remarkably mobile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her forehead was both high and wide, and in
her middle life she wore her hair so that its full breadth and height appeared
beneath the graceful parting of the hair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In her later years her hair was combed down over the temples on either
side, and remained parted in the middle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Her chin was a very firm chin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
did not protrude, neither did it recede.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was not the slightest suggestion of a lantern-jaw; but there was a
clear-cut prominence of the chin that suggested a firm decision and a tenacious
purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Barton circa 1865<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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Her cousin’s generous description of Miss Barton probably
would have embarrassed her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She thought
of herself as plain and practical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To a
friend she wrote, <o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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I was never what the world calls
even “good-looking,” leaving out of the case all such terms as “handsome,” and “pretty.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My features were strong and square,
cheek-bones high, mouth large, complexion dark; my best feature was perhaps a
luxuriant growth of glossy dark hair shading to blackness…I never cared for
dress, and have no accomplishments, so you will find me plain and prosy in both
representation and reality if ever you should chance to meet either.<br />
<o:p></o:p> </div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></o:p> </div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Barton 1878</span></o:p></div>
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Next week, descriptions of Barton’s personality, from
several perspectives.<o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Barton with horse, Baba, date unknown</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-7506243276070683392013-07-08T11:41:00.000-04:002013-07-08T11:41:31.700-04:00Friends - Honorable Charles MasonConducting research on Miss Barton revealed she had the best of friends in the highest of places. I have already covered arguably her top patron, VP Henry Wilson. Wilson was not her first friend in Washington. While Barton used her Congressman, Colonel Alexander DeWitt, to introduce her to Washington society, Charles Mason gave Barton her first big break. Although Mason initially planned to employ Barton for traditional reasons as a governess for his daughter, he realized after becoming more acquainted that she was well educated, articulate and had experience working in an office setting. Mason was contemplating reforming the Office at the time, and decided to hire Barton to be his confidential clerk. He was concerned clerks were rejecting and reselling patents for personal gain. Barton's mission would be to review the efficiency of the Office's clerks and report her findings to him. <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Charles Mason</span></div>
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Charles Mason was born in Pompey, New York, the six of seven children. He entered the U.S. Military Academy in 1825, finishing first in his class, ahead of the legendary Robert E. Lee. After two years as Professor of Engineers at the Academy, Mason resigned and became an attorney. In 1836 Mason moved to Wisconsin Territory, married and acted as the governor's aide and public prosecutor. Mason also farmed land outside of Burlington, now part of Iowa.<br />
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In 1838 Iowa became a territory and President Martin Van Buren named him chief justice of the Territorial Supreme Court. While serving, Mason wrote 166 of the territories 191 opinions. He became famous for not following precedents. Mason, at the direction of the territorial legislature, wrote a draft bill that became the territory's criminal code. Although he was reappointed in 1842 and 1846, Mason resigned in 1847. In 1848 he argued for Iowa regarding a border dispute at the US Supreme Court and won. <br />
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In April 1853 President Franklin Pierce appointed Mason Commissioner of Patents. There he promoted agricultural research and office reform. Although retained by President James Buchanan, Mason left the Patent Office in 1857 after the Secretary of the Interior, Robert McClelland began to illegally interfere with Mason's work including his hiring of Barton. Mason returned to Iowa but then moved back to Washington in 1862 to found a patent law firm, Mason, Fenwick and Lawrence. <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Patent Office, circa 1850s</span></div>
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Mason's allegiance to the Democratic party caused him to lose a bid for governor of Iowa in 1861. He maintained in Richard Acton's <em>Biographical Dictionary of Iowa</em>, Acton quotes Mason as saying "the Union, 'can never be perpetuated by force of arms and that a republican government held together by the sword becomes a military Despotism.'" Acton also quoted Mason's reaction to his political losses as that "' I played the game of life at a great crisis and lost. I must be satisfied.'"<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Mason residence in Burlington, Iowa</span></div>
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After the Civil War Mason remained active in business in Burlington. He died there at age 77 in 1882. It is interesting to note that although Mason was a Peace Democrat, he hired Clara Barton despite her outspoken views supporting the Republic Party and their policies. He made her the first full-time female clerk paid the same rate as men. His willingness to hire her is a statement to the character of both people.<br />
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Additional Reading:<br />
<a href="http://uipress.lib.uiowa.edu/bdi/DetailsPage.aspx?id=253">http://uipress.lib.uiowa.edu/bdi/DetailsPage.aspx?id=253</a><br />
<a href="http://www.myoutbox.net/popch24.htm">http://www.myoutbox.net/popch24.htm</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-81068146220188184382013-06-20T14:23:00.000-04:002013-06-20T14:23:20.040-04:00Ahead of Her Time?One would think Clara Barton was a staunch liberal in her
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fremont was her man in politics,
she admitted wholeheartedly believing in the policies of the Republican Party, all
before Lincoln won election in 1860.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Certainly,
her views about helping others seem to cement her on what we would consider the
left politically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She just had a rather
conservative view about charity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a
letter from Europe in 1871, Barton outlined her work in Europe assisting
refugees in war-torn France (she sided with the Germans, by the way).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She stated, <o:p></o:p><br />
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At first we could only give indiscriminately to the hundreds
who thronged our doors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, directly, I
perceived that a prolonged continuance of this system would be productive of
greater disaster to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">moral</i>
condition of the people than the bombardment had been to their physical; that
in a city, comprising less than eighty thousand inhabitants, there would
shortly be twenty thousand confirmed beggars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Only a small proportion of these families had been accustomed to receive
charity, but one winter of common beggary would reduce the larger part to a
state of careless degradation from which they would scarcely again emerge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seemed morally indispensable that
remunerative [paid] employment in some form should be given them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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She made great success with
her plan to organize employment for refugees and skill development for future
employment. The plan was simple; the refugees needed clothing, work and job
skills, so Barton decided to have them make garments, learning to sew on the
job, and providing clothing for the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The plan revitalized the textile industry and benefited the long-term
recovery of the region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later on in her
life, she was quoted as describing her work as “a hand-up, not a hand-out.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigcRLxWLm1g86V9VTckL8pOoYZXqpErUO-FExkfjoxP462fsxrW3hShCo5o9zjDwLsNBXQkw8-n5iZ1GBLWF_3U3VlPJYPTOdsKqiOSSgAslKAGcJhK6a8oKmLsYfm594LNDY1NQceAarI/s1600/lausanne1870sRefugees.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigcRLxWLm1g86V9VTckL8pOoYZXqpErUO-FExkfjoxP462fsxrW3hShCo5o9zjDwLsNBXQkw8-n5iZ1GBLWF_3U3VlPJYPTOdsKqiOSSgAslKAGcJhK6a8oKmLsYfm594LNDY1NQceAarI/s320/lausanne1870sRefugees.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Franco-Prussian War Refugees <br />
Courtesy of <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">www.nobelprize.org</span></a></div>
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She went on during her time
in Europe to become close friends of the Grand Duke and <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhra6qNzJO2FS5y0cSyI19TIgr4WDCNJ7gabHaYEwSUboUEBiOAjZyKm3n4L8Wjczcu2fEQAiioi9EAXK6CpYFy4rz42HpYz30H-ob77M8UStH43ISMQNPayrkECBySZmR-5X-G-sp7YQ5X/s1600/1840s_dss_hamilton_by_emanu.jpg" target="_blank">Duchess of Baden</a>, and
explained to them and other European leaders how she was spending their money
to assist the French after war had left its horrible wake in their
neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barton did not just visit
and assess the challenges facing these people, she advocated for them to the
leaders who would be responsible for their recovery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the victors of the war she wrote, </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Medal received from Princess Louise of Baden</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of the Clara Barton National Historic Site</span></div>
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This population must always be the neighbors, if not a
part, of the German people; it will be most desirable that they should be also
friends; they are in distress—their hearts can never be better reached than
now; the little seed sown to-day may have in it the germs of future peace or
war.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Although many of Barton’s
ideas such as civil rights and humanitarianism were pioneering, her ideas about
charity do reflect that she was a woman of her time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 19<sup>th</sup> century America, industry
impressed good citizens, and a dependence on charity showed lack of moral
character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing showed good character
more than independence and making positive contributions to society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today’s society does not seem so interested
in moral character, but should that make Barton “old-fashioned” or out of touch
with public need?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Studying psychology
taught me that basic human needs never change, but the human mind is a very
complicated thing, a product of our value system and life experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder how much we have really changed
since Barton’s time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does she remain
ahead of her time or have we passed her in social evolution?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRnCRtHSVZA-y-DDMlrld9uVzMnveY4xHmGt2w-cPHJDl-AQlEzUdgRydd7eNwadfY1N0IpJqVVCzakcJLCTdnx1R8yK0TnGnEfH-kHwRgJ0PHH3pFQkRMzsNz1H7Lmg1N5bYwW4pptBIQ/s1600/BartonWearingPansyBrooch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRnCRtHSVZA-y-DDMlrld9uVzMnveY4xHmGt2w-cPHJDl-AQlEzUdgRydd7eNwadfY1N0IpJqVVCzakcJLCTdnx1R8yK0TnGnEfH-kHwRgJ0PHH3pFQkRMzsNz1H7Lmg1N5bYwW4pptBIQ/s320/BartonWearingPansyBrooch.jpg" width="257" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Clara Barton wearing pansy brooch and medals received for service. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The brooch was one of many gifts from Princess Louise of Baden.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy of Clara Barton National Historic Site</span></div>
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-79261551759366481412013-06-13T11:12:00.001-04:002013-06-17T11:50:46.819-04:00Old Dog Discovers New Tricks in Washington DCAs part of the research to properly interpret Clara Barton
and develop programs for the new museum, David and I have begun to study
Washington history in detail to test for the city’s tour guide license.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We plan to give tours related to Barton’s
time in Washington for visitors beginning this summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My friend and museum supporter Debra
Friedmann, a licensed guide and Guild of Tour Guides Vice President is working
with us to develop the tours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
discoveries made during this process are fascinating, and I thought I knew a
great deal about the District of Columbia!<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Panoramic view of Washington City from Capitol building</span></div>
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Did you know that there are two underground art galleries
between the Smithsonian Castle and the Arts and Industries Building?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I didn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Arthur Sackler Gallery, home to an ancient Chinese collection, a
gift to the Smithsonian in 1982, is one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The National Museum of African Art, home to a collection primarily from
Benin (now Nigeria) is the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m
looking forward to seeing these collections!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMfrnijbRaJSkt_a2VUMNvJEu5qiEtpLPF8hyspmfeahNeYjY6BY0z2W33Zjuwp0CFUSavx0sBXCRbjZX9ysrafvV9tdxP4HAZYVhhrG-ZNx1uMI6ftW2Fd4-WIjEGHyTJ807FnxBsKGX2/s1600/glassNegSmithsCastle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMfrnijbRaJSkt_a2VUMNvJEu5qiEtpLPF8hyspmfeahNeYjY6BY0z2W33Zjuwp0CFUSavx0sBXCRbjZX9ysrafvV9tdxP4HAZYVhhrG-ZNx1uMI6ftW2Fd4-WIjEGHyTJ807FnxBsKGX2/s320/glassNegSmithsCastle.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Undated glass negative of the Smithsonian Castle<br />part of CBMSO Collection
<br />Courtesy of US Gen. Services Administration</span></div>
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In correlation to Clara Barton, I found that the Bureau of
Engraving and Printing did not print the Missing Soldier Rolls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am hoping the Government Printing Office,
who did print them, has a copy!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am on
the hunt for a complete set.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Places
Barton often visited are an area of intense interest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luckily, I have been able to identify the
locations of many of these places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Barton actually had several different residences in Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her home at Glen Echo was out in the country
when she lived there, not in Washington proper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdALxSFRs_H1evzn4_pCdfuKXtt8CqGYNzspOgTGw0BtvhhTb-4Xm_ZLK_fWx71NoSaN8ES3R1trggnW10oF8RztH6__8M7Zv9pZD2w2QV_RQFwv9HpWzI_INuIrmkVIjQKr5bXPZiUMPa/s1600/Barton_facade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdALxSFRs_H1evzn4_pCdfuKXtt8CqGYNzspOgTGw0BtvhhTb-4Xm_ZLK_fWx71NoSaN8ES3R1trggnW10oF8RztH6__8M7Zv9pZD2w2QV_RQFwv9HpWzI_INuIrmkVIjQKr5bXPZiUMPa/s1600/Barton_facade.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Clara Barton's Boarding House on 7th Street<br />Courtesy of Adele Air</span></div>
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Also new to me is the term Beaux Arts architecture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always thought of the buildings on and
around the Mall as classic revivals based on the Greeks and Romans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I found that historians consider several of
these buildings Beaux Arts, a popular style in the late 19<sup>th</sup> /early
20<sup>th</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Jefferson
Building at the Library of Congress, completed in 1897 is an example of this
style as well as the West National Gallery of Art building, Union Station and
the National Postal Museum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIWc3TZ0U-JryzsVYYKbwZVHBPSAxWGVESvz1S-UfhanpYqVrZlBwptU7mWf75drMR7JF3btfybKAX2My47H0HKEtGBSlMbA5NVgeqTLEYfheNgNzKks2mW_ofM-3tgzMv1kL7ctfAZ4qI/s1600/Union_Station_from_Columbus_Circle_2011WikiCommons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIWc3TZ0U-JryzsVYYKbwZVHBPSAxWGVESvz1S-UfhanpYqVrZlBwptU7mWf75drMR7JF3btfybKAX2My47H0HKEtGBSlMbA5NVgeqTLEYfheNgNzKks2mW_ofM-3tgzMv1kL7ctfAZ4qI/s320/Union_Station_from_Columbus_Circle_2011WikiCommons.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Union Station<br />Courtesy Wikipedia Commons</span></div>
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If any reader feels compelled to place a comment about
something amazing they learned about DC, I'd love to hear about it, so please comment!<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6964417266700036521.post-15866599087437873782013-06-05T11:17:00.000-04:002013-07-12T13:06:04.765-04:00It All Started Here<br />
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Clara Barton’s boarding house was not the first place she
opened the Missing Soldiers Office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
first place, in fact, was an office in Annapolis, MD, where Barton first
proposed to locate missing soldiers for their families at Camp Parole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The camp, opened in June 1862, it was one of the ideal places to begin searching records and interviewing witnesses. </span>After Camp Parole’s closing, Barton worked from
the former Custis estate, Arlington, in Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>May of 1865 is the first we have on her
making some rooms in “Shaw’s Settlement” (the nickname given by boarders in the
space) on 7<sup>th</sup> Street in Washington the office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgALe5lBYNzOBDoqOG9Rpw14HhsTbExvTgVnuQIBcFOH1n-OL6pbm0a01IPI9numMK4wU7-ksoOkYysdFB_ycInzpAwXumPs8KWo8ompVE8MhUZMhmRNdKt6TR2EJ6gqztHS0ZGEw31ywtF/s1600/CampParole.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgALe5lBYNzOBDoqOG9Rpw14HhsTbExvTgVnuQIBcFOH1n-OL6pbm0a01IPI9numMK4wU7-ksoOkYysdFB_ycInzpAwXumPs8KWo8ompVE8MhUZMhmRNdKt6TR2EJ6gqztHS0ZGEw31ywtF/s320/CampParole.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Engraving of Camp Parole</span></div>
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Camp Parole began as a holding place for paroled prisoners
waiting for their official exchange between the two belligerent governments
fighting the Civil War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Initially, the
military allowed these soldiers in limbo to go home on furlough to await their
formal exchange.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a period, the War
Department noticed an alarming amount of desertions among the recovering
prisoners and decided to limit their movement so they were within an arm’s
reach during the suspense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Camp Parole’s
function became a prison for prisoners of war from their own army.<o:p></o:p></div>
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St. John’s College in downtown Annapolis became the Camp’s
first location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There a hospital was set
and tents erected as barracks, but it did not take long for the college to
become overwhelmed with soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next,
Camp Parole moved to a space further from town, along the intersection of
Forest Drive east of Bywater Road (now a small shopping center), and lastly 250
acres on Old Solomons Island Road (MD Rt. 2) south of West Street (MD Rt. 450) over
to Chinquapin Round Road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the Union
army gained control of more of the South, numbers necessarily increased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the population ebbed and flowed, the military
built the camp to hold up to 10,000 men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Barton described her situation as receiving an office with some
assistants and supplies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her main source
for information came from prisoners waiting for dispensation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She remained at Camp Parole until the
facility closed, and then returned to Washington. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jh_TmFtKHThwEgAAv1R3bqMDLv_ZDkplKCqfRiwfrCIY7i_x9w2NdmhBI8Ijg7eKxGWZXZj0luE-o6giiYQKd7ifT4UT0pTCKo81dVswTAujrsze1d1lsl30QU5JRtuPI0r3lZB78Rbq/s1600/CampParoleAnnapolisBarracks.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jh_TmFtKHThwEgAAv1R3bqMDLv_ZDkplKCqfRiwfrCIY7i_x9w2NdmhBI8Ijg7eKxGWZXZj0luE-o6giiYQKd7ifT4UT0pTCKo81dVswTAujrsze1d1lsl30QU5JRtuPI0r3lZB78Rbq/s320/CampParoleAnnapolisBarracks.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo of Barracks at Camp Parole</span></div>
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Being held at the Camp really was not too bad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldiers received medical care, ample food,
new clothing and visits to the town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sgt
Barbar, of the 15<sup>th</sup> Illinois Infantry Regiment, recorded after
arriving at Annapolis,<o:p></o:p></div>
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Arose early, after a good night’s rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ate breakfast and then marched to the parole
camp, three miles south of the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was a splendid camp, well and tastefully arranged, alid out in regular streets,
excellent barracks, warm and well ventilated, with cook houses, etc…Passed my
first night in a parole camp and it proved pleasant and agreeable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arose early, answered to roll-call and then
took breakfast, which consisted of soft bread, boiled bacon or beef and
coffee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For dinner, we had bread and
bean soup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sanitary commission has
been busy all day distributing needful articles amongst the prisoners, such as
thread, paper, envelopes, combs, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
large sutler’s stand is also on the ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A large washhouse nearby which contains fifty tubs and other
accommodations for washing clothes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
whole camp presents a neat and wholesome appearance, the streets being wide and
kept perfectly clean.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In August 1864, Grant suspended paroles and exchanges,
leading some men to despair such as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Francis Reed, a parolee from Pennsylvania who wrote,<o:p></o:p></div>
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We arrived here yesterday morning, we heard the
exchanging has been stoped[sic].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are
all very anxious to be exchanged to go back and square accounts with some of
the rebels in the vicinity of Murfreesboro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are entirely out of money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
rebels took all my clothes they did not leave me anything except what I had on,
I have no change and I am pretty dirty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If we do not get exchanged I shall try to get a furlough from here in a
few weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are anxious to be
exchanged, we have sent several petitions to Secretary Stanton asking to be
exchanged, but no attention is paid to our petitions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have wrote to the Captain to go to General
Commanding the Western Division to have us exchanged, but have received no
answer yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I only wish we could get out
of this place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Never have I been so
discouraged as since being here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone is dissatisfied all want to go home or be exchanged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So there is continual growling, we are
comfortabley [sic] quartered now, the boys will all have blankets and tomorrow
they will all get a new suit from head to foot.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Oliver Ornsby of the 149<sup>th</sup> NY could hardly
disagree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrote his parents,<o:p></o:p></div>
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We have got a new Colonel to command the camp here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has put a guard around the camp and lets
no one go out of camp without a pass from him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The men have been allowed to go out of camp when they liked, but as our
new Col. Wants to show some authority I suppose we will have to stay around
HOME as we call it, for the soldiers call every place home where they must
leave their blankets overnight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1MHxS04wKHmJbc51dEZi3cmA_D-SspypymamoLQy5JggfXVTGVjZY7C7Wz9uoUOR0xdTKXItajH2_gxQ6AVyCzx7RAwGw4v8g8SBP4VZa6z3-BGafoEs1fDHSjD5tJvmtG-oSt6AKbASP/s1600/PrisRcd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1MHxS04wKHmJbc51dEZi3cmA_D-SspypymamoLQy5JggfXVTGVjZY7C7Wz9uoUOR0xdTKXItajH2_gxQ6AVyCzx7RAwGw4v8g8SBP4VZa6z3-BGafoEs1fDHSjD5tJvmtG-oSt6AKbASP/s320/PrisRcd.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo of a Prisoner of War Record</span></div>
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Camp Parole continued to accept paroled soldiers up to May
of 1865.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Army abandoned the post and
eventually tore down all the buildings, the wood reused to build housing for
freedmen in the area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
military records, the army processed around 70,000 soldiers through Camp
Parole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the location received
recognition as a National Historic Site, Anne Arundel County decided to develop
the land in 1994 and it now contains a shopping center and apartment
building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc6N00YsDaOyA4Bpcqw448gKeLpQqstcjn3pWlOBIWsvkFFCzI7YcX3ec4UmkeBnMrjcwovlPplqGNgrCW4kxp2Eo4Kwa9nBQszzmQf9Q78Umy1yxx3Rz1RSZjeEEl74Cx78kuCMGBJxy/s1600/campparolemarker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc6N00YsDaOyA4Bpcqw448gKeLpQqstcjn3pWlOBIWsvkFFCzI7YcX3ec4UmkeBnMrjcwovlPplqGNgrCW4kxp2Eo4Kwa9nBQszzmQf9Q78Umy1yxx3Rz1RSZjeEEl74Cx78kuCMGBJxy/s320/campparolemarker.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sign marking the site</span></div>
<o:p></o:p>
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Anecdotally, although Dorence Atwater, who had a copy of the deaths at Andersonville, processed through Camp Parole, he did not meet Clara Barton there. He contacted her after seeing her plea for information in a newspaper in June 1865.</div>
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Work cited:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roblyer,
Michael R. “The Civil War In Annapolis, Part VII: Union Soldiers at Camp
Parole”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anne Arundel County History
Notes</i>, April 2006, pp. 3-4, 13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The National Cemetery in Annapolis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">James Donelson (grave in center) died while Barton was at Parole</span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><o:p></o:p> </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03607393043534787117noreply@blogger.com0